327 
1873 .] Rajendralala Mitra — Two Copper Plate Inscriptions. 
of the thunderbolt (East) where the lord of Abliramu* (Airavata the elephant of Indira) 
was their only rival. 
The same Govindachandra Deva, whose feet are profoundly adored by hosts of 
sovereigns, the highly revered,+ the great king over great kings ,% the supreme 
lord,§ the devout worshipper of S'iva, || the sovereign of the three classes of kings, viz. 
AsVapati, Gajapati and Narapati,^f master (Vachaspati) of all knowledge and logic, 
successor of the highly revered the great king over great kings, the chief lord, the 
devout worshipper of S'iva, S'ri Madanapala Deva, who was the successor of the highly 
revered, the great king over great kings, the supreme lord, the devout worshipper of 
S'iva, S'ri Chandra Deva, the sovereign who, by his arms, carved the happy kingdom 
of Kanyakubja, reigns supreme. 
He commands, acquaints and enjoins the inhabitants of(?)and those who have come 
thereto from other places, as also kings, queens, heirs-apparent, ministers, priests, 
warders, (pritihara ) generals, treasurers ( bhanddgdriJcas ) justiciaries ( atcshapatolilcas) 
physicians, astrologers, guardians of female apartments (or dwellers of the zenana,) 
envoys, and owners of elephants, horses, towns, mines, commons, and herds of cattle : 
Be this known unto you, that after bathing in water consecrated by mantras, after 
offering according to law water to mantras, gods, sages, mortals, elements and manes, 
after paying due adoration to the fiery light (sun) whose rays are potent in dispelling 
dense darkness, after worshipping the cresent-crested (S'iva), after performing puja to 
Vasudeva, the preserver of the three regions, after offering oblations of frumenty and 
clarified butter to the partaker of butter (fire), for the promotion of virtue and fame of 
myself and of my mother and father, I have, by this patent, with water held in my hand 
and consecrated with Kusa grass, for the period of the duration of the sun and moon, 
bestowed on the third of the wane, in the month of Phalguna, in the year of Samvat 
one thousand one hundred and seventy-four, (in figures) Samvat 1174 Phalg’., the two 
above written villages, together with their soil and waters, their iron and salt mines, 
their fisheries, pits and salt fields, their orchards of mango and madhuka trees, their 
gardens, topes, grass fields and pasturages, including everything above and below, 
* Name of the mate of Airavata. 
f Paramabhattdra'ka. In Sanskrit dramas bhattdralm means a king, but in 
ordinary language a revered personage is generally implied. 
+ Mahdrdjddhirdja equivalent to the Arabic sultan us-saldtin. The term may be 
split into two— Maharaja and adhirdja “ great kiug, and paramount sovereign.” 
§ Parama=supreme and tsvara— lord or god. The epithet has been loosely 
rendered into Emperor in the translation of the Delhi College plate (xxvii p. 249). 
|| Parama-Mdhd-isvara. In the Benares inscription of Col. Stacy, it is placed in 
opposition to parama vaishnava , some of the princes named being parama mahes'vara, 
others parama vaishnava. The long d after m shows that the word is a derivative and 
refers to Mahes'vara or S'iva. A sectorial meaning may be objected to on the ground 
of the seal having the Vaisnava emblems of Garuda and concli-shell, indicating that 
Govinda was a Vaishnava. But the expression of equal respect for both S'iva and 
Vishnu is not uncommon. 
Evidently intended for some tributary kings. The Itajas of Orissa used to call 
themselves Gajapatis ; those of Talingana and Karnata bore the special title of 
Narapati, and some of the Burmese monarchs were As'vapatis ; but it is not at all 
likely that any of these bore allegiance to the kings of Kanauj. Vide ante xxvii, p. 24. 
43 v u 
