1887.] 
frmn “ Dscim Ling Gyeshe .” 
23 
conducted to Tsari are, by virtue of going there, said to have images of 
deities and sacred writings miraculously engraven on their horns and 
bones. A certain author remarked : “ Glory and fortune be to that 
great saint who performed yoga in Tsari.” 
Tsari being considered as the sacred heart of the Tantrik deity 
Khorlo Dompa, the Indian Tirthikas designate Tsari-dvagpo as the land 
of Ulanga stripurusha , where exists the real Mahadeva. The Indian 
Parivrajakas and Tirthikas wander all over Kamarupa, Assam and Niiga 
land in search of their god (Mahadeva). It is not known to them that 
Tsari is not the real place of pilgrimage of the Tirthikas. From Holkha 
and upper U if you go to the east and south-eastward, you arrive at 
Nangpoiyul, where formerly existed several thousand habitations, but 
now-a-days the country has been deserted, and scarcely more than ten 
houses exist. This is probably caused by the place being on the high¬ 
way. 
Lower down Nangpo is the district of Kongpo yul, where exist the 
ancient monastery of Buchhung serkyi Lhakhang and other temples and 
monasteries of the Chhabkar and Chhabnag period of Bon religion, now 
converted into Gelugpa institutions. Here are also religious establish¬ 
ments of the Sakya, Ningma Karma Dukpa and other schools, as well as 
Kongpo, Tagsum Jong (fort), besides numerous villages with Bonpo 
populations, the Bonri mountain, and the place from which Terton Jah 
tshon discovered some sacred volumes. 
III.—GREAT TIBET. 
To the east and north-east of Tibet proper (U and Tsang) lies the 
country of Great Tibet, comprising Amdo, Kham and Gang. The fol¬ 
lowing are the principal divisions of Great Tibet :—Maja ssabmo Gang, 
Tshava Gang, and Pompo Gang, constituting the upper three Gang, and 
Markham Gang, Minag Gang, and Yarmo Gang, the lower three Gang ; 
comprising altogether six Gang or divisions. To these may be added 
the four great mountainous districts called Kong, viz., Tshava Rong, 
Sangnan Rong, Nag Rong, and GyaZmo Rong, with smaller Rong, such 
as Minag Rong, &c. 
From Kongpo if you travel eastward, after crossing a lofty mountain, 
you arrive at the place where upper Kham commences. This portion is 
called Poboi Yul. This country, according to the tales of Lingje, is 
mentioned as Pharssug Athai Rong. It contains Na Padma Koi, where 
Padma Sambliava is said to have mysteriously performed yoga , Pobo 
Chhu dali monastery of Gelugpa school, and several Niugma religious 
establishments. The chief of Pobo-land, who is independent, is called 
Dehu Kanam. To the south-west of Pobo Yul lies Lalo, or the savage 
