24 
Sarat Chandra Das —A brief account of Tibet 
[No. 1, 
country. On its east lies Tshava Rong, which is under the Lhasa Govern¬ 
ment, and annually sends considerable tribute in kind. Its chief town 
is called Tshava Jo Gang Jong, besides which there are other smaller 
towns such as Sang ngag chhoi Jong, and villages with considerable 
populations. To the east of Tshava Rong are the smaller districts of Jira, 
l)sui, Jang &c., to the north-east of which lies GyaZthang. East of 
GyaZthang lies Mili, to the south-west of which, and also to the south of 
GyaZthang, is Lalo, which is inhabited by a wild tribe. 
To the west of GyaZthang and north of Sompho land, near Jang, is 
Na-khawa karpo (white snow), well known in Tibet and China as a place 
of great scanotity. In the confines of Jang and China is a place of sanc¬ 
tity called Richya kyang. In GyaZthang there is the temple of a very 
sacred image called Gyal waringa , as well as a monastery called GyaZthang 
sseru Gon, belonging to the Gelugpa school. In Mili and GyaZthang 
there are several religious establishments belonging to the Gelugpa and 
Kunchoi Tsangpa schools. To the south of the above-mentioned districts 
lies the Yunan province of China and to the east is situated the Gya/hin 
district of Ssitwan. If from Nang, after crossing a mountain pass, you 
travel eastward, you will reach Kham Lhari, to the north-east of which 
lie the towns of Chagri PaZbar GyaZton, Khyung kar, Kliyung nag and 
Khyungser and numerous villages and Dokpa tribes, all of which are sub¬ 
ject to the Government of Lhasa.In the Khyungpo districts there are eight 
Gelugpa establishments and several Bon institutions, such as Khyungpo 
Ting chhen, &c. Again, from Kham Lhari if you travel eastward after 
crossing a mountain pass called Shar Kang Lon, you come to another lofty 
mountain called Tshava gang La, after crossing which you arrive at the 
NguZ chhu (silver river), on the left bank of which is situated the great 
monastery of Rivochhe, belonging to the Taglung school, which contains 
a monastery and grand temple with numerous scriptures and sacred 
objects. This monastery was formerly the seat of a famous Lama called 
Sangye yar-chyon, who belonged to the Kaligyu school. There are two 
incarnations of Kaligyu Lamas and a descendant of a lay Kaligyu Lama. 
To the east of this place, at the confluence of Jaelihu and Nga.ni chhu, 
is situated Chhabdo gonpa, where Pliagpa Lha Yah sra (two incarnate 
Lamas of high repute and power) preside over above 2,000 monks. There 
are numerous villages, scriptures, and sacred objects. The monastery 
is rich. Lately Kahgyur block-prints have been established there. The 
monastery is said to bo guarded by a demon called lvn wantsan or Loka - 
jtdla. Chhabdo is a powerful state owing allegiance to the Dalai Lama. 
The incarnate Lamas occasionally visit Lhasa and Tsang, and are receiv¬ 
ed with great respect and preparation there. In Chhabdo there are a 
few scholars of the Tshan Nid philosophy. 
