_ for one summer at a time. 
SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE. 
distributed. Later, the party were driven to the Countess Oxholme’s 
estate (a farm of 3,500 acres approximately) for tea and a short tour 
about the steading. 
There still remain in Denmark a number of these large farms. on 
which the organization and working resemble that of _a factory. 
Among other things of colossal dimensions one of the cow byres 
was seen with 250 cows chained ready for the evening milking, a sight 
which became more familiar during the following week. 
Another trip made from Noestved was to the State Experimental 
Farm at Tystofte. Here the paper by the director, Mr. E. Lindhard, 
on Plant Culture in Denmark was taken as read. There was 
no time to spare if the farm was to be properly inspected. Mr. 
Lindhard speaks excellent English, and is a plant breeder of reputa- 
tion; many of the cereal varieties met with later on the farms bear 
this station’s name. He led off immediately through the experiment 
fields, and kept up a running series of lecturettes for a couple of hours. 
There were the usual tests—manurial and variety; permanent and tem- 
porary pasture mixtures; then competitive trials of mangels and other 
roots—varieties actually on the market. 
In wheat there was a complex piece of work in progress dealing with 
investigation into the inheritance of head characters. This originated 
from a spelt-type sport in a square-head variety some years ago. , The 
number of ‘plots is now 60,000, and there are to be seen wheats of every 
imaginable type. , 
One ray of clearness in all this complexity appeared in the square- 
head types, which had evolved, and were, breeding true for the most 
part; all other types were still splitting up in all directions. Of the 
cross-breeding and selection work in progress only a list of the types 
of plants being dealt with can be given. Besides the cereals there 
were mangels, swedes and turnips, clovers, grasses, and lucernes. Finally 
Mr. Lindhard .explained his most recent venture in tobacco growing 
and curing. Here is surely a handful of work for one man, and his 
only scientific assistants as far as could be gathered were a few post- 
graduate students from Copenhagen and other universities working hor 
At this stage some idea of the general methods of Danish farming 
was beginning to be formed, and many details which at first never failed 
to excite remark soon became familiar. Crops of wheat, oats, barley, 
and peas showing prospects of returns far beyond the range of Aus- 
tralian experience. The growers’ estimates ranged from 60 to 80 bushels 
per acre, and of mangels at times 40 tons. 
More striking still at first is the very thorough use to which all 
land is put, and in this respect Denmark can be compared only to.the 
Channel Islands. Little ground is devoted to pleasure purposes, and 
practically none at all to grazing. pure and simple. The parks of the 
great estates produce timber, and the railway embankments lucerne. 
All odd pieces of ground are planted with something, and sheep and 
goats are tethered so that they can eat off the grass growing along the 
road side. Grazing in this way is almost universal; in the one field 
there are generally to be seen cattle, horses, and sheep tethered in line to. 
+ uy 
