SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY. 
glassware, but the improvement in quality in the local market has been 
noticeable, and Japanese goods are finding an increasing market in the . 
United States of America (1915, £4,000; 1916, “£8,000; 1917, £18,000; 
1918, £65,000). 
Of the glass and china imported to Australia in 1918, the total value 
was £782,000, of which 43 per cent. (£334,000) came from Japan, 23 
per cent. from the United States of America (£182,000), and 30 per 
cent. from Great Britain (£235,000). ~The total value of British exports 
was as follows :— 
1915. 1916. 1917. 
To foreign countries .. 438,000... 454,000 .. 506,000 
To British possessions .. 806,000... 850,000... 680,000 
Totals .. .. 1,244,000 .. 1,304,000 .. 1,186,000 
The total exports from the United States of America were 
£2,600,000 in 1917, and £3,094,000 in 1918; and the imports fell from 
£387,000 in 1917, to £270,000 in 1918. 
Canada now manufactures as many as 35,000 electric light bulbs a 
day—suflicient to supply all her own needs. These cover all styles, 
carbon, tungsten, and nitrogen-filled lamps, ranging from 2 to 1,000 
candle-power. Before the war there was only one factory in Canada— 
at Toronto. In the glass bottle trade 85 per cent. of the local production 
is by machinery and 250 to 300 gross of bottles are being made daily. 
Notwithstanding this, the imports of carboys, bottles, decanters, flasks, 
jars, and phials increased from approximately £500,000 in 1916 to over 
£800,000 in 1918. 
In India the Government intends appointing a specialist in glass 
technology, whose services will be available for the whole country. At 
the beginning of the war they brought out a glass expert to supervise 
their investigations during the last four years. Scholarships in glass 
making are to be awarded for 1920, and the students are to be trained in 
the United States or Japan. ; 
What is the situation in Australia to-day? It is stated that we 
have good sand; our fuel supply is good; and most of the raw materials . 
are available, e. Is lime, lead compounds, soda compounds, &e. We lack 
sufficient quantities of potash. 
The number of employees was 1,800 in 1913 and 2,028 in 1916; and 
the corresponding value of output was £314,000 and £501, 000. Our im- 
portations of glassware approximate £500 ,000 a year, so that the annual 
value of the industry is £1,000,000. In 1913 the imports were £625,000, 
but only £433,000 in 1917-18. In 1916-17 we imported glass bottles to 
the value of £50 ,000 from Japan, and our average annual importation 
from all countries is £7 5,000 (£107,000 in 1913). Tow comes it, then, 
that we can manufacture only half our requirements in bottles, not to 
say anything about supplying all our other requirements? There is a 
great opportunity for applying the results of British research to local 
conditions and introducing up-to-date furnaces, thus helping to make 
Australia as independent as other countries will be. 
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