REVIEWS. 
UDEVE GIG RLIAG INADA NEI 
Beverages and their Adulteration, by H. W. Wiley, M.D., Philadelphia, P. 
Blakiston’s Sons and Co. The book is divided into sixteen sections, and deals, 
not only with alcoholic beverages, but also with water and mineral waters, both — 
artificial. and natural, with soft drinks and fruit juices, and with’ coffee, tea, 
and cocoa. The author points out that, in view of national prohibition in the 
United States, many persons have suggested that a description of alcoholic 
beverages may be out of place. He considers, however, that just the contrary is 
the case, and that any one who desires all the information possible in making 
up his mind on this question will certainly be helped by a knowledge of the. 
origin, manufacture, chemical composition, and geographical distribution of the 
various forms of alcoholic beverages, both fermented and distilled. 
In view of the rapidly increasing use of fruit juices in America, prominence 
has been given in the book to that subject. A somewhat full description -is 
also given of many types of “soft drinks,” and there is a lengthy list of the 
so-called medicinal preparations, which consist chiefly, or very largely, of 
alcohol. ‘The ease with which the unfermented juice of the grape may be 
pasteurized or sterilized, and kept indefinitely, has caused the industry to grow 
rapidly. For red-grape juice, the grapes are crushed, but not pressed. The 
crushed grapes are taken into large heating caldrons, usually made of aluminium, 
and furnished with a steam jacket. The temperature of the crushed grape is 
carried to about 175 degrees F. for a period of 15 minutes, the mass being well 
stirred during this period of heating. The purpose of heating the grape juice 
is not only to pasteurize it, but also to extract the red colouring matter from 
the skins. After extracting the colour and pasteurization, the juice is separated 
from the pulp and conducted into the containers, which are used for storage. 
Sometimes these containers are barrels, but more often glass carboys. The 
containers are properly sterilized before the pasteurized juice is admitted. The 
bungs are also sterilized and coated with wax or some other preparation, so as 
to make them air-tight. The juices are left in these storage containers until 
complete sedimentation takes place and the liquid is clear, when they are 
siphoned off carefully, so as not to disturb the sediment, into bottles, which 
are sterilized and corked. 
In discussing the therapeutic value of mineral waters it is stated that, while 
the widespread belief in the value of such waters is probably not well founded 
in fact, a few of the waters contain specific remedial agents, such as arsenic, 
and rare elements, such as radium, which are highly recommended for certain 
forms of diseases. 
Johnson's Materials. of Construction. YVitth Edition. Rewritten by M. O. 
Withey and J. Ashton. London, Chapman and Wall, 1919. 30s. net. This 
treatise, compiled some twenty years ago by the late Dean J. B. Johnson, College 
of Engineering, University of Wisconsin, has now been amplified and brought 
up to date by M. O. Withey, Associate Professor of Mechanics, University of 
Wisconsin, and J. Ashton, Metallurgist with the A.M. Byers Company, Pittsburg. 
The book sets out the essential information concerning the sources and manu- 
facture of the principal materials, and furnishes useful data covering the more 
important physical properties and in the influence of various factors upon these 
properties. It shows the causes of defects and variations, and how they may 
be discovered, and furnishes an acquaintance with the technique of testing 
materials. 
TOE 
