SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY. 
"2. The Establishment of Standards, to make possible the accurate 
checking of quantities, readings of. controlling instruments, working 
efficiencies of machines, or quality of materials and products. , 
3. The Supply of Information—All information relating to any. 
industry should be easily available for the benefit of current work and 
as the preliminary step in any proposed investigation. a 
The existing institutions are— 
1. The Universities and Technical Schools-—These are designed, 
equipped, and staffed entirely for the purpose of teaching. The men 
in charge of their activities must have a thorough knowledge of the 
fundamental principles of science—the foundation upon which all 
research, investigation, industry, or manufacture must be built. But 
tliey have not, and cannot have, also a knowledge of the engineering 
methods, the economic details, or the commercial intricacies that are 
involved in the successful application of those fundamental principles 
in the operation of any given industry. 
2. The Various Government Laboratories —These are equipped for 
the specific purpose of analyzing materials—agricultural, mineral, com- 
mercial. They are analytical laboratories designed solely for testing _ 
the quality or ascertaining the composition of materials or products. 
Institutions such as these might undertake the question of standards, 
or the preliminary analysis of substances required as information in 
any investigation. Their exact scientific knowledge and their equip- 
ment are specially fitted for work of this kind, if such routine could 
be provided for without undue interference with their own proper work. 
Even then, it would be necessary to co-ordinate the work of the various 
centres to prevent overlapping, and to insure uniformity by the inter- 
comparison of standards, &e. 
None of these institutions, Roweren) have any facilities for the 
commercial development of: industries. For any work of, this kind 
they would require special buildings, special equipment, and special men. 
The development of an industry requires not only the laboratory, with 
its test tubes, beakers, and balances, when the first suggestions of a 
process are born. It must also have the means for carrying out the 
process according to commercial requirements, using materials in 
quantities, and apparatus of the kind, that represent the operations of 
the actual industry. The possibilities, the difficulties, the requirements, 
and the working costs of an industry can never even be guessed by 
working in glass apparatus with a spoonful of material. In almost 
every instance the chief difficulties arise when the successful process — 
of the laboratory is transferred to the small industrial testing plant. 
This is thoroughly recognised by all those industries that have estab- 
lished research departments. There is in every case a staff and 
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