SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY. 
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“For the construction of the mould take several planks, each 10 
feet long, of light wood in order that the mould may be easy to handle. 
Of these planks, something over 1 inch thick after planing, fastened 
together with four strong ledges on each side, the mould must be made 
2 ft. 9 in. in height, and two handles should be fixed to each side. 
“The instrument with which the earth is rammed into the mould 
is a tool of the greatest consequence. It is called a pisoir or rammer; 
and though it may appear very easy to make it, more difficulty will 
be found in the execution than is at first apprehended. It should be 
made of hard wood, either ash, oak, beech, walnut, &c., or, what is 
preferable, the roots of any of them.” 
Pisé building lay off the great main stream of constructional 
activity; and the enterprise and ingenuity lavished on the perfecting 
RAMMING PISE WALLS. 
From *‘ Cottage Building in Cob, Pisé, Chalk, and Clay,” by Clough Williams-Ellis. 
of other building gear and materials passed pisé by, leaving it undis- 
arid in its quiet backwater, a primitive system still with its primitive 
tackle. 
I myself, however, designed a new plant, which is a considerable 
advance upon the one described above. It is with such a set of shut- 
tering which I called “Mark V.” that the walls of the Newlands Corner 
Cottage were built, but in the light of the experience gained in putting 
up this building I have designed “Mark VIITI.,” which will, I think, 
prove as much superior to “Mark V.” as “Mark V.” did to the 
“aboriginal” shuttering. “Mark VI.” and “Mark VII.” were abor- 
tive designs that got little further than the drawing board. 
Next to the use of rigid casing, the success of the work depends 
upon the freeing of the soil from the larger stones and upon its thorough 
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