. ‘SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY. 
Another point that ought to be taken into consideration is the size 
of the farms and the uniformity of the system of farming. There are 
about 250,000 farms and cottages in Denmark. : Of these only 9,000 
farms consist of more than 148 acres; 61,000 between 37 to 148 acres— 
and one-half the agricultural area of the country belongs to this group of 
medium-sized farms; 47,000 farms have from 12.3 to 37 acres of land; 
and 133,000 farms have less: than 12.3 acres, or no land-at all. 
AREA oF Farms In Denmark. 
| Area in— 
: Percentage 
Sis stares ANU Ber 70 fe ener cores iat MOLES 
* Farms. Hectares. ‘Acres! Entire Area, 
Acres , 
020 —2els35: 5 68,380 9,513 23,507 O'l 
1°35- 12°3... 65,222 166,757 413,066 4°6 
IPERS SYfd the 9 oa: 46,615 420,308 1,058,374 11-9 
37°0 -148:0... 60,872 1,808,625 4,469,219 50°2 
148-0 -593°0 -.. 8,072 769,814 1,902,256 21°4 
Above 593:0  .. 822 425,555 1,051,571 | 11:8 
Total ..| 249,983 | 3,608,572 | 8,916,904 100°0 
The tendency now is in the direction of increasing the number and 
‘decreasing the size of the farms. Incorporation of farms is forbidden 
by law. Practically all the farms in Denmark are worked in the same 
way. As a rule, all farmers keep cows and pigs—the farms without 
cattle and pigs are exceptions. This is another of the reasons why the 
co-operative movement has had such a success in this country. Besides 
‘the freehold, the size of the farms, and the uniformity in the system of 
farming, it must be mentioned that the spirit ofthe people forms the 
very best foundation for a good development of the idea of co-operation. 
As something typically Danish, we have what is called the people’s high 
schools. Indirectly—and to a certain extent also directly—those schools 
have done a lot of good for the development of agriculture in Denmark 
in the last half-century. Thirty or forty years ago, Denmark was in 
a rather bad condition as far as agriculture was concerned. Owing to 
a war with Germany, the country was deprived of two of her richest 
provinces; the natural fertility of the soil was lost, and much cheaply- 
produced corn and grain came from the Trans-Atlantic countries into 
the European market, and reduced the prices of grain to such an extent 
that selling grain would not pay for the rent. It was a hard time for 
the country, especially for the farmers. The price of the land decreased, 
and many old farmer-families lost their wealth. The only thing to be 
done was to produce something besides grain, to change the system of 
farming in order to bring the fertility back to the soil and produce a 
high-priced market product—and Danish farmers turned to co-operative 
dairying. In 1882, the first co-operative creamery was established in 
the west of Jutland; since then, there have been co-operative creameries 
established. in almost every township in the country. Altogether, we 
have now in Denmark about 1,230 co-operative creameries. 
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