CATTLE BREEDING IN DENMARK. 
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The aim of the Cow-testing Association is, first of all, to let the 
owner know how much milk and butter each of his cows produces; 
next, it is to inform the farmer of the remunerativeness of each “cow, 
and of the herd asa whole. In other words, the Cow-testing Association 
tells the farmer which cows to breed from, and which cow gives the 
best return for the feeding-stuff she has consumed. - But, besides that, 
the Cow-testing Association has another very important purpose, and 
that is to keep records of the breeding in the herd. . In some of the 
associations they also keep records of the cost of feeding and raising 
the calves and young stock, of producing pork, and of keeping the 
horses. And in the most advanced associations, they also keep records 
of the yields from the different fields planted with different crops. ‘The 
work in the association is done by a tester—in Denmark éalled a control- 
assistant. This means that he is to assist the farmer in controlling his 
dairy herd, or, in-some cases, all his live stock and the remuneratiyeness 
of the whole farm. As a rule, the cow-testers are young men trained 
for that special work, most of them having been pupils at agricultural 
schools. What the tester does is, first of all, to identify the cows, weigh 
the milk of each milking for the 24 hours, test a composite sample of 
the milk for the amount of butter-fat, weigh or calculate the amount 
of food consumed by each cow, and enter all the figures in the record- 
book, which has a page for each cow. 
The tester visits the members of the association once or twice a 
month; each time he has to mark calves born since his last visit, notice 
¢he date of birth, and the sex of the calf, and its sire and dam. The 
‘numbering of the calves is done by marking the ears. To-day there 
are about 700 cow-testing associations, with 16,500 members, who own 
225,000, or one-quarter, of all the cows in Denmark. Each cow-testing 
association receives in Government aid 200 kr. per annum. In order 
to obtain this, the associations must have at least ten members, owning 
in all at least’ 200 cows; also, the local testing association must be a_ 
-member of an organization for the cattle-breeders and cow-testing ~ 
associations in the district. The purpose of the district organizations 
for cattle-breeding, as well as for cow-testing associations, is that they, 
in co-operation with other agricultural societies, shall promote cattle- 
breeding in the district. As a rule, the district organizations (“ Felle- 
sledelser ”) engage a cattle expert or adviser. The duty of the expert 
is to take part in meetings and fairs, to assist the local associations in 
all their work, especially in the purchasing of bulls; to look after and 
assist the tester in the cow-testing associations. In addition, he has 
charge of the keeping of herd-books for the improvement of the herds 
under the organization. The district organizations work in conjunc- 
tion with the united agricultural societies of the province. A. cattle- 
breeding or. cow-testing association cannot get any Government aid 
without being recommended by the district, and also the provincial 
organization. At the end of each fiscal year, the cow-testing 
associations have to report on the work done. ‘Through the district 
organization, they have to send to the united agricultural societies of 
the province information as to the breed of each of the cows tested, 
the number or name of the cow, her sire and dam, her date of calving, 
the sex of the calf, and for what purpose the calf is used. Besides this, 
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