SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY. 
i oe — 
At the same time, the extraordinary results accomplished in agriculture 
* of recent years have’been brought about by State scientific investigation 
and co-operation. 
A contribution by Mr. Henry S. Pritchett, president of the Carnegie 
Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, deals with the function 
of scientifie research ina modern state. “ The world,” he writes, “ still 
conceives of scientific investigators in much the same light as the old- 
time prospectors for the precious metals—each individual sinking ‘is 
shaft here or there, as chance or inclination may carry him. Of the great 
number so engaged, a very few will strike veins of pure gold, a large 
number will obtain one that will at least repay the labour and cost in- 
volved in their adventure, but the great majority will sink holes in. 
barren and fruitless soil.” But, as he points out, the prosecution of 
research to-day is upon an entirely different basis. Research, to be 
effective, must. be organized and co-operative. The scientific worker 
must. know what has gone before, and what his contemporaries and co- 
workers are doing, or he will waste his life in duplicating effort. 
The great German industrial research establishment at Charlotten- 
burg and Grosslichterfelde is mentioned appreciatively by one or more 
writers, and is instanced by Mr. Pritchett as an illustration that the 
research men of a nation should not be isolated individuals, but a co- 
operating army. In this vast establishment, covering many acres, are 
brought together research men from every field of science, working to- 
gether in the solution of problems arising in the industries. “As a 
result of this co-operation, the German manufacturer may take to this 
‘great research laboratory any problem of scientific industry.” 
In the United States of America, concern is expressed, not so much . 
for the large industries, which have developed research departments at 
the commencement of their industrial enterprise, but for small and novel 
industries, which are unable to carry the burden of a highly organized 
research department. ‘ Unless something is done,” states Mr. Theodore 
N. Vail, the President of the American Telephone and Telegraph Com- 
pany, “to meet the needs of such industrial establishments, a type of 
enterprise which has done much to advance civilization and to promote 
industrial progress will tend to disappear because of the impossibility 
of competing with larger and well-established industrial organizations.” 
Mr. Ambrose Swasey, President of the Warner and Swasey Com- 
pany, credits the great advances in industry chiefly to scientific 
research, and to the work of the technician, which has made practicable 
and applicable the deductions of the scientist. Mr. A. W. Mellon, 
President of the Mellon National Bank of Pittsburg, urges an under- 
standing on the part of industrialists as to the requirements of indus- 
trial research. In his opinion, the fundamental differences between 
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