SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY. 
“Oarrrte Frrss.” 
On account of their association with the eyes, nose, mouth, and 
injured surfaces of cattle, we carried out an examination of captured 
“cattle flies,” and also attempted to artificially infect ‘some by allowing 
them to feed on freshly cut living nodules. : 
The following numbers of native Muscid flies, belonging to species 
commonly associated with cattle, were used at various times in attempts 
at artificial infection, but with negative results:—313 Musca Fergusoni, 
Jnstn. and Bane.; 61 J/. vetustissima, Walker; 41 MW. terreregine, 
Jnstn. and Bancr.; 79 Fannia sp. Both bred and captured flies were 
used, and were dissected from 1 to 26 days after having fed on a cut: 
nodule. Though lary were occasionally found alive in the alimentary 
tract one day after feeding, they could commonly be found dead for 
periods up to the fourth, and sometimes the sixth, day. In no case 
had further development occurred. 
In addition to the above, over 1,700 captured flies were examined 
between November, 1918, and January, 1920, for the presence of para- 
sites, viz.:—1,176 M. Fergusoni; 280 M. vetustissima; 91 M. terre- 
regine; 259 Fannia sp. In no case was Onchocerca Gibsoni found, 
though certain other nematode worms were detected, especially the 
young stages of species of Habronema (H. muscw and H, megastoma) 
which infest the stomach of horses. Habronema. sp. occurred in the 
three species of Musca referred to, the percentage of infected flies being 
respectively 2.2, and 5 and 5. Another larval worm, Agamospirura 
muscarum, Johnston and Bancroft, was met; with in the same three 
species, the percentage being respectively 6.8, 1.4 and 5. <A third 
nematode parasite, Agamonema fanniw, Johnston and Bancroft, was 
found occasionally in Fannia sp. (1.5 per cent.), M. Mergusoni (.4 per 
cent.), and M. vetustissima (.8 per cent.). 
The investigators previously referred to failed to produce infection 
by using another Muscid fly—Stomoxys calcitrans. Hill and 
McEachran used the buffalo fly, Lyperosia exigua, as well, but without 
success. Cleland also employed Musca vetustissima, but with a 
negative result. 
It seems to us that the various cattle flies, excepting possibly the 
two biting species just mentioned, are not likely to be the normal trans- 
mitting agents. Unfortunately, work with Tabanids has not so far 
proved promising. 
; ONCHOCERCA BOVIS. 
We would like to draw attention to the presence of a second species 
of Onchocerca—O. bovis, Piettre—in Australian cattle, our material 
coming from Queensland. Certain species of Onchocerca reported from 
New South Wales belong almost, certainly to the species. The female 
of QO. bovis occurs, in a more or less tangled state, in the connective 
tissues of the neck ligament and in the stifle joint, while the male lies 
free in the tissue spaces in the vicinity of the female. Typical nodules 
are not usually formed, though the tissue surrounding the female may 
become fibrosed so as to form tunnels. The lesions are not very obvious, 
especially when compared with the nodules produced by O. Gibsoni. 
O. bovis occurs in cattle in France, in North and South America, and 
elsewhere. ‘ 
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