SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY. 
We must add to the above items the costs for labour, material, and 
chemicals incurred in the building and maintenance of dips, the cost 
of Government inspection of cattle and dips, and the losses due to 
interference with stock movements. 
Then, again, the lessening of production of any primary product, 
whether milk, meat, butter, bacon, &c., re-acts in reducing employment 
in the factories, wharfs, railways, business houses, machinery works, 
&c. There is no need to amplify, as these remarks are sufficient to show 
the interdependence of primary and secondary industries and city 
business. 
Mernops or Conrrou. 
These may be briefly indicated under the following headings :— 
1. Those directed against tick fever in cattle; 
2. Those directed against the tick during its parasitic stage; 
3. Those directed against the tick in its non-parasitic stage; 
4, Quarantine. é 
(1) The losses caused by tick fever, but not tick worry, may be 
minimized by inducing an attack of tick fever, commonly mild in 
‘character, by inoculating a small quantity of blood from a recovered 
beast, or “bleeder.” The term “ protective inoculation” is given to 
the procedure. It minimizes losses in stock, but does not control the 
tick in any way. 
Certain drugs, e.g., trypan blue, have been experimented with as 
injections into the blood stream, but their value as destroyers of the 
organism of bovine piroplasmosis has not yet been fully demonstrated. 
(2) The chief measure adopted in the fight against the tick in 
Queensland is the application of a poisonous fluid, containing arsenic as 
its chief constituent. The fluid is generally applied in the form of a 
dip, but sometimes as a spray or wash. It is essential that every part 
of the surface of the animal be wetted with the compound, which must 
possess not less than a certain amount of arsenic in an active form. 
The mixture undergoes oxidation, which in this case means deterioration 
in value as a tick-destroying medicament. The exact strength needed 
apparently varies in different localities and under different conditions, 
and experiments have been undertaken with a view to determining it. 
Since the tick usually takes at least 21 days to reach maturity on the 
beast, dipping should be regularly carried out at intervals of not more 
than three weeks. The ox thus becomes a kind of tick trap, or tick 
collector, while the arsenical fluid is used as the destroyer. 
(3) The chief measure to be adopted against the tick in its larval 
stage is starvation. By keeping horses and cattle away from an infected 
‘paddock for six months, practically all seed ticks become staryed to 
death. Thus a systematic rotation of paddocks will enable a stock- 
owner to control tick infestation, and, if carried out in conjunction with 
regular dipping in a vat containing sufficient arsenic to kill ticks, will 
result practically in an elimination of the tick from his holdings. Bush 
fires destroy vast numbers of young ticks. 
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