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SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY. 
In America the Federal Government is spending, through the Office 
of Public Roads, a sum of £70,000,000 on road-making by way of 
subsidy on a £1 for £1 basis by the States. Already remarkable 
improvements have been effected as a result of this action, and a great 
deal has been done to open up agricultural country, to assist primary 
producers, and to increase production. 
INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH IN GREAT BRITAIN.—ITS ALLIANCE 
WITH INDUSTRY. 
The third Conference of Research Associations, established under 
the auspices of the British Department of Scientific and Industrial 
Research, was held in May last. In opening the proceedings, the 
Marquis of Crewe said that some sixteen Research Associations had 
already been created, and several more were approaching maturity. In 
fact, twenty-six were already in full swing, or were almost ripe. It 
had become almost a platitude that no distinction could be drawn 
between pure research and the application of research to any special 
industry. It would be reasonable to claim that the researches carried 
out by the industrial associations would be wider in scope than those by 
individual enterprises. 
A paper on “The Relation of Research Associations to Existing 
Institutions for Research” was read by Dr. A. W. Crossley, who said 
that all great industrial advances had been the outcome of pure scien- 
tific research work. Research Associations could not divorce them- 
selves from pure scientific work; rather they must regard the need fo: 
it as the main cause of their existence, and devote their energies to an 
always closer acquaintance with this soul of industrial prosperity. ‘The 
Government research laboratories should be kept in the closest possible 
touch with Research Associations; but undoubtedly the research insti- 
tutions with which the associations must keep in the closest contact 
were the laboratories of universities and colleges. The associations 
would be largely, if not entirely, dependent on the universities for a 
supply of research workers. 
Mr. J. W. Williamson read a paper on “ The Staffing of Research 
Associations.” Assuming, he said, that the research staffs of the asso- 
ciations were to be recruited from those science graduates of the univer- 
sities and higher technical colleges, who had already had some training, 
say, two or three years, in research, it would seem that an initial salary 
of £400 per annum was the minimum that should be offered to an 
ordinary member ‘of the research staff. 
INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH FELLOWSHIP. 
The Mellon Industrial Research Institute, Pittsburgh, has’ issued 
its seventh annual report on the system of Industrial Fellowships, which 
was established on a permanent basis in 1913. According to this 
system, an industrialist, company, or association of manufacturers 
having a problem, or group of problems, requiring investigation may 
become the donor of an Industrial Fellowship by contributing to the 
Mellon Institute a definite amount of money for a period of not, less 
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