~~ BRIGHTON. (Red.) Bunch medi- 
McKAY’S Juicy Grapes 
Let McKay’s juicy Grapes tempt every home gardener because 
they require surprisingly little cultivation and the abundant re- 
turns are ever welcome. Grapes have been constantly improved 
during the past years, and are not only favored by the com- 
mercial grower, but possess a charm for the farm and home 
garden. 
BETA. A cross between Carver and 
Concord; perfectly hardy, produc- 
tive; fruit of medium size; early. 
The principal value of this Grape 
is in the extreme North where it 
will stand without protection. 
um to large; quite compact; flesh 
rich, sweet and best quality; color 
dark crimson or brownish red; 
vine vigorous and hardy. 
= CACO. A new variety originating 
in Delaware and widely heralded 
as the very best red Grape known. 
Its name is a combination of 
Catawba and Concord, from 
which two standard sorts it was 
derived. The vines are strong and 
vigorous, as yet untouched by 
disease of any kind. The fruit is 
very large and handsome, com- 
plete bunches; in color a rich 
wine-red over amber. Exception- 
ally early bearing, usually show- 
ing several good sized bunches 
the second year. Its flavor is 
Concord 
luscious, sweet, delightful, dis- 
tinctive. 
CONCORD. (Black.) Too well known to need 
description; is considered by many to be the best 
all-around Grape grown. Is extremely hardy, 
vigorous and productive; bunches large, compact. 
Portland 
DELAWARE. (Red.) One of the best red Grapes; 
bunch small and compact; berry small, round, 
beautiful light red; flesh rich, sweet and delicious; 
best quality. A good market Grape. 
Fredonia 
They require but little space and they can be trained over 
fences, trellises or doorways, and thus be ornamental as well as 
edible. Grown for market, they can be planted on hillsides that are 
not suited for other crops. In all cases, however, they should 
have a free exposure to the sun and air, 
~| FREDONIA. A_ new introduction 
that gives promise of being the 
earliest good Black Grape. It 
ripens its fruit 2 weeks earlier 
than Worden. The vine is vigor- 
ous, hardy and productive. The 
bunches of fruit are medium in 
size, cylindrical and compact; the 
berries are large, round and per- 
sistent, the skin is thick and 
strong, the flesh is juicy, solid 
but tender, and the quality very 
good. Fredonia stands alone as an 
early black Grape. 
“ MOORE’S EARLY. (Black.) Bunch 
large, berry round with a heavy 
blue bloom; quality considered 
better than Concord; hardy and 
prolific; a good market berry: 
sipens about 2 weeks before Con- 
cord. 
™“ NIAGARA. The vine is a strong 
grower, healthy and _ prolific; 
bunches large, uniform and com- 
pact; berry large; skin greenish 
white, slightly ambered in the 
sun; quality good. Ripens with 
Concord. It is a good. shipper and 
market Grape. 
“PORTLAND. (White.)  Ripens 
earlier than any known Grape. 
Berries are very large and have 
a beautiful yellowish color. Qual- 
ity is excellent. Vines are ex- 
tremely hardy and productive. 
“WORDEN. (Black.) Said to be a seedling of Con- 
cord, and is a slight improvement on that va? 
riety; ripens a few days earlier; bunch large and 
compact, 
Care and Pruning of Grapes 
A. SOIL. Grapes prefer a fairly open soil such 
as a black loam, heavy sandy loam or gravelly clay. 
The soil should be heavily manured to provide the 
necessary fertility and organic matter. 
B. SITE. A gentle slope to the south or east 
is best, to provide the necessary soil warmth and 
enough air drainage to reduce early fall frost injury. 
C. PLANTING. | Start- 
ing with McKay’s strong 
two-year-old plants. (See 
Fig. 1.) Plant in rows 8 
feet apart. Plant deeply and 
firmly. (See Fig. 2.) Prune 
top of plants by cutting off 
all but one cane and leav- 
ing that with only 2 buds. 
(See Fig. 2.) Most growers 
let the shoots run along 
the ground the first season. 
D. TRELLIS. Some time during the year, byild 
a support. This can be a two-wire trellis, with 
posts 16 feet apart and wires 244 and 5 feet above 
ground, Use heavy telephone wire. 
E. PRUNING. At end of first year, between 
November and March, remove all shoots except 
one, which will now be tied upright to the two 
wires and be left to form the trunk. Cut this off 
at top wire. (See Fig. 3.) This trunk will now 
grow many shoots the following year. (See Fig. 4.) 
F. PRUNING AT END OF SECOND YEAR. 
Select four of the strongest shoots for tying to the 
wires; cut these back to about 6 buds each. (See 
A in Fig. 5.) These will henceforth be called 
canes. Save two more shoots, one below each wire, 
and cut these back to 2 buds. These are now called 
spurs. (See B in Fig. 5.) These spurs are left 
for producing future renewal canes. All other shoots 
should be removed. Tie above canes loosely. 
G. BEARING WOOD. Grapes bear on the first 
3 or 4 buds of all new shoots, which grow off of 
last year’s canes. These shoots will start growing 
in early May; will have made enough growth by 
late May to form 2, 3 or 4 flower buds, which will 
then blossom and grow fruit that season, (See Fig. 
6.) This shoot will continue growing the rest of the 
summer into a cane. These fruit-bearing shoots 
ae come on the second year, and each year there- 
alter. 
H. PRUNING IN AFTER YEARS. (Nov. to 
Mar.) Consists in selecting shoots of the current 
year's growth to make replacement canes for tying 
to the wines for next year’s fruiting. These shoots 
are again cut back to about 6 or 8 buds as de- 
scribed in paragraph F, Likewise 2 spurs are left 
for growing the next year’s replacement canes: 
while all other shoots as well as last year’s fruited 
canes are removed. In selecting canes in these later 
years, it is desirable to select those nearest the 
trunk, 
K. 3-WIRE TRELLIS. Many Wisconsin Grape 
growers prefer a 3-wire trellis instead of the 2-wire 
system described above, thinking that they get more 
fruit per plant. If you want a 3-wire trellis, attach 
wires 214, 4 and 6 feet above ground. The same 
pruning instructions described above will apply, 
except that you will prune for 6 canes (for tying 
to the 3 wires) and 3 spurs, instead of the 4 canes 
and 2 spurs discussed. 
L. WINTER PROTECTION. We recommend 
that the standard varieties of Grapes be covered in 
Central and Northern Wisconsin. This applies to 
all varieties except Beta, which is hardy in that 
region, 
Prune your Grapes in the fall after they have 
tipened. This removes all surplus growth and 
makes it easier to handle the plant. To cover, 
remove canes from wires; bend the trunk over to the 
ground and cover canes with dirt. 
