Pete 
THE AUSTRALIAN GARDENER. 
Junz 15, 1906 
Evergreen Grafting. 
In the past nurserymen of this country have 
done but little in the way of grafting ever- 
greens, relying fora supply of such kinds as 
needs propagating in that way on the nurseries 
of Europe, But it is practicable to raise them 
at home if desired, and to some extent they aro 
now being so raised. 
The usual practise is to pot a lot of stocks 
and grow them for a year in advance of grafting ; 
and they should be potted properly to insure’ a 
sturdy growth, for the more vigorous they are 
when grafted the better the success of the opera- 
tien. With such open weather as we are having 
nothing would hinder the potting of such stock 
now, and under a greenhouse stage or in any 
similar stage they could be set until the close 
of Winter, when they could be placed outdoors 
in some favorable situation for the Summer. 
Regarding the kind of stocks to use it is 
best to keep as near relationship as possible, 
_, Inthe case of varieties it is generally possible 
to get the typical form for a stock. Varieties of 
white pine, place on the common form of the 
American, and so forth. But it is not necessary 
that this be done. There are groups of pines, 
some with two needles and some with three, 
others with five, and generally any one of a 
group will answer for another in the same divi- 
sion. The individuals of some groups are so 
much alike that their relationship can te told 
without the aid of the foliage. . 
= Inthe white pine group for example there 
_are the flexilis, monticola, excelsa, cembra and 
others, all clearly indic iting they are allied. For 
varieties of spruces the common Norway spruco 
has long been used, answering well for its own 
numerous verietics and for those of all other 
spruces. . , 
It is the lot of the common native Arbor 
vitze, Thuja occidentalis, to be employed for ‘all 
sorts of Aibor vitzes, and this includes the 
Chinese, but as seedlings of the latter are 5O_ 
easily raised there is no necessity to use the | 
other, Besides its own kinds, the American 
Arbor vitze acts asa stock for retinisporas, but 
as the latter are rapidly increased from cuttings 
there seems no need for grafting them, 
For firs, the comuion European one, Picea 
pectinata. dves very well for all, unmerous ag 
the species are. Its use is r commended as being 
the most eusily obtaiuatle of ail and the 
cheapest, aoe 
Having coniferous trees in mind while pen- 
ing these notes, the darch and the deciauous 
cypress may Le mentioned, though outside the 
evergreen line. he larch takes in all the 
yarions species and varigties of it ag well as the 
prendo-larix Kyempferi, and ull can be worked 
on the common European larch, Larix curope., 
And for the yarieties of taxodiyu 
ene known as Gilyptostrotus yp 
i endula, use the 
gommon decjudnous cy press. ae 
); ingluaing the’ 
41 Vine for a Low 
Wall. 
It is so seldom that the European radicans_ is 
seen used as a climber that it must be because 
it is not generally known that it will climb. 
When first introduced here from Japan it 
was treated as a shrub, and not until some 
years later was it understood that it was a vine. 
The knowledge came about through the letters 
of a traveller in Japan, who spoke of the 
appearance of the vine when covering the 
trunks of trees to a great height. 
It may be thought that the vine itself would 
disclose its nature, but, as in the case of other 
Vines when set out as a shrub, it takes on the 
character of one, and this euonymus, when 
planted with nothing to support it, forms itself 
into the shape-of an Irish juniper—slim and 
tall. 
As a vine for a low wall it is well fitted 
becaure of its comparatively small leaves and 
slow growth. 
Walls of about four feet on which it has been 
planted present a pleasing appearance. Tall 
walls demand a vine with large leaves as a rule, 
such as the English ivy or the Ampelopsis Veit- 
chili or virginica, and one that grows fast, hence 
the euonymus is not just the vine for them. As 
it grows it sets very close to the wall, giving a 
prim and very different appearance from tho 
aspect the ampelopsis presents. 
There are positions a very close-growing yine 
will better suit than a free-growing one and'the 
* vine planted will be in accord with the effect 
desired. 
Besides the green or typical form of this 
euonymus, there is a variegated leayed one, and 
it isas good a grower as the other. The two 
‘sorts afford the opportunity of selecting the one 
to be uscd best fitted for contrast with the sur- 
faco it is to embrace. The variegated-leaved 
one would be out of place set to a white wall. 
This euonymus is a true evergreen, and no 
matter how cold the winter the plant has never 
been hurt. ; ; 
———_____ 
Preserving Decaying Trees, 
; A very good practice observed of late is the 
filling with cement the holes in trees caused by 
decay. lt takes a lifetime to grow a fine tree, 
_ and it is a shame to neglect one suffering from a 
decaying part when filling the hole with cement 
would remedy it. It is air and moisture that 
cause delay, which if excluded puts an end to 
tke trouble. The kest way to proceed with 
cementing is to scrape away every bit of decayed 
wood met with, even using a chisel or scraper to 
doit if necessary. When all has been gotten 
out, wash the hole with Bordeanx mixture, to 
‘ill any fungus that may be there, then fill jr 
with cement, solubly, until the surface of the 
pow bark is met. When so treated and the work 
well done, trees will flourish and be almost as 
good as eyer. The inner wood of trees has no 
life anyway, it is only the outer Jayers that haye, 
but when it is firm it sustains the tree in posi- 
tion, -preventing its blowing over, and thys we 
need it to preserve its inside wood as well as the 
outside living portion. Where it has beea tried 
the cementing has giv-n satisfaction. ; 
tr? 
41 Grand Oak for 
Parks. 
It is a wonder the swamp white oak, Quercus 
bicolor, is not oftener used in plantings. It is 
a grand massive tree when developed, with large 
handsome foliage. A valuable point in its favor 
is the ease with which it transplants. It doeg 
this better than any other oak, excepting the 
pin, Quercus palustris. These two are provided 
with more roots than any other oak, and this 
~ fact might give afew who think that trees are 
as well planted with roots well stubbed in room 
for rumination. There is no question. that 
they have more roots and transplant easier 
than others. 
The common name of the Q. bicolor, swamp 
white oak; is a misnomer. ;They havo been 
known to grow in low ground, never in swamps, 
Nor would the tree thrive in such a place. 
Many trees will thrive on hillocks in swampy 
ground. Scarlet, black, pin and willow oaks 
gtow in such situations, but no ono thinks of 
calling them swamp oaks because of this, 
_—— ae 
It pays better to run a dairy without a dog ; 
the cows are quieter. A dog that will nip their 
heels will cause kicky cows. The moment one 
touches the cow’s leg while milking she will 
kick, thinking the dog is after her. I used to 
think it was impossible to iget along without a 
dog to drive the cows with, but since we haye 
been without one the cows are much quieter, 
and they do not cffer to kick, I have no fault 
to find with a dog for other cattle. 
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