6 
THE AUSTRALIAN GARDENER. 
JuNE 15, 1906 
eS en 
| The Orehard. 
By. James Burton. 
It is a well-established fact that regular con- 
sumption of fresh, ripe fruit is conducive to 
health. It is true farmers cannot have so great 
a. variety of meats as those who live in towns, 
but they may enjoy a succession of ripe fruit a 
good part of the year, if they will but choose to 
take the troublé'to plant and cultivate a small 
orchard. The productiveness of small pieces of 
land appropriated to fruit culture is truly won- 
derful. Having selected the site, which, in my 
opinion, should.be.a sloping hillside, contiguous 
to a well-defined gully, or a slightly elevated 
piece of land, tho ground should be well pre- 
pared by subsoiling to a depth of 12 in., or, 
better still, by trenching to a depth of 30 in. 
_In selection of trees, young ones are better 
for planting than old ones. Two years from the 
bud or graft is long enough for trees to remain 
in the nursery. The plants should be stocky 
and branched, and should be taken up carefully, 
so as to preserve the roots. Where the soil has 
been: prepared by deep tillage it will not be 
necessary to dig holes deeper than required to 
merely cover the roots of the trees; but the 
planting should be done with gieat care. The 
roots should be spread out in their natural posi- 
tion, the finest soil put next to tho fibres, and 
worked in among them with the fingers, so as to 
be in-immediate contact, both below and above 
them, He would advise planting 20 or 22 ft. 
apart each way, but the distance between the 
trees will depend upon the hablt-of the variety, 
some requiring more space than others. 
» Close planting has many advocates, who ad- 
vance some cogent reasons for crowding the 
trees, instead of the wide’ planting of former 
years. A few of these may be mentioned. In 
the first place it is now conceded that the land 
appropriated to the orchard should be given up 
to the trees and not used for other crops,.there- 
fore there is less necessity for space between 
them. In close planting, the whole ground is 
shaded from the Laking influence of the sun, 
and thus remains more loose and friable than 
when’ exposed, The crowding of the trees also 
protects them in a great degree, and in exposed 
ositions this close planting especially shelters 
hem from the trying winds. 
_.. Varieties are so numerous and tastes so 
diverse that it is almost impossible to make out 
p list of Sorts that will be acceptable to all. 
And, besides this, it-is well known that the 
varieties that succeed in one locality may fail in 
pnother. Every planter should endeavour to 
ascertain what sorts have been tested) and ap- 
roved in his own neighborhood. For the family 
orchard it is best to have a succesfion in the 
time of ripping; and these should be productive 
pnd hardy. 
Starting with cherries; this delicious fruit 
Appears to be more fastidious as to the soil than 
any other, for, though it will grow almost any- 
where, it does not stand well on rich limestone 
lands. ‘The following are some of the best 
varieties :— Early Lyouis, Biggarean Napoleon, | 
Black Eagle, Waterloo, St. Marguerite. These 
trees are very apt to: split and burst their bark, 
especially where the steius are expused to the 
syn by trimming their up as standards, hence 
the importance of low, heads. 
A few fig trees and one or two mulberries 
phoutd haye 4 place in every gurden. 
ye 2% 1 ES a ‘ Pia | ‘ 
In plums some of the best are :—Orleazs, 
Green Gage, Golden Deop, Burbank, Kelsey’s 
Japan, and Wickson. 
Apricots, peaches, and nectarines are always 
acceptable, easily grown, and come into bearing 
at an early age Unfortunately, apricots are not 
constant bearers, as the flower buds are often 
injured through various causes. Allen’s Early, 
Oullin’s Early, Riverside, and Moorpark are the 
best varieties. Of peaches, some of the best 
yaricties are Briges’ Red May, Wilder, Alex- ; 
ander’s Early, Mountain Rose, Foster, Early 
Crawford, Elberta, Muir, Sea Eagle, Camden 
Golden, and Bonanz1. In nectarines the follow- 
ing are good varieties to plant :—Irrewarra, 
Hunt’s Tawny, and Gold Mine. 
Quinces have been too much overlooked by 
farmers, who could not present their families 
with a more acceptable fruit. They are hardy, 
need very little space, and require very little 
attention. 
No garden would be complete without vines, 
which should be planted 8 or 10 ft. apart. It 
was best to trellis them, as they do much better, 
and the fruit is easier to grow. 
In citrus fruits too much care cannot be 
taken to obtain yearling trees of good constitu- 
tion and of profitable varieties. Where the soil 
is deep, well drained, and fairly rich, the Wash- 
ington Navel, Joppa, Jaffa, Blood Maltese, 
Mediterranean Sweet, Majorca, Parramatta, 
Sabina, and Valencia Late; and on the shal- 
lower and lighter soils Siletta and St. Michael 
seem to do better than the newer kinds. 
In lemons, there is not a very wide choice— 
the Lisbon, Villa Franca, and Sicily —these three 
being the most commonly preferred, In most 
districts, the lemon tree, as commonly grown 
on lemon stocks, is neither a healthy tree nora 
long-lived one. The use «f orange stocks for 
lemons is to be strongly recommended. In some 
places orange stocks are used successfully for all 
classes of citrus fruits. 
With apples and pears it is possible to have | 
fruit in use all the year, and they always com- 
mand a good price during winter or exported 
earlier in the year. In spies most of the best 
varieties to plant are :—Irish Peach, Beauty of 
Bath. Orange Pippin, Golden Pippin, Ribstone 
Pippin, Cleopatra, Dunn’s Seedling. Esopus 
Spitzenburg, Rome Beauty, Five Crown, Nor- 
thern Spy. Jonathan, Rokowood, Strawberry 
Pippin, Scarlet Nonpareil, and Newton Pippin, 
The latter is one of the highest priced apples 
_ exported to England, 
In pears some good varieties to plant are ;— 
Brockworth Park, Wilder, Duchesse D’Angou- 
Jeme, Elizabeth Cole, Howell, Beurre Diel, 
Beurre Clairgeau, Josephine de Malines, Vicar 
of Winkfield, Williams’ Bon Chretien, and Uve- 
dale’s St. Germein (an immenso stewing pear). 
There are other fruits, syme of which are not 
suitable for the northern districts: All of the 
fruits mentioned were suitable for preserving 
and drying (except citrus fruits), and enough 
should be preserved and dried to keep the family 
supplied until the following season. .The wind- 
falls should be gathered every day, and if not 
suitable for drying, cin be fed to pigs and 
poultry, He would advise planting trees to act 
as a breakwind to the orchard. Almonds would 
be very useful and profitable, and two or three 
rows would be sufficient, especiilly if Jordan 
almonds were planted on the outer row and 
Brandis the inner rows. The orchard needs 
constantly working to keep weeds down, and 
the soil loose and friable. Ln the spring, itis a 
good plan, where po-sible, to irrigate with tlood 
waters. when the land will take enough moisture 
to carry the trees through the season if properly 
emt.vated. —Jourpal of Agriculture ef SA, 
S.A. Farm and Estate Agency. 
Near Burra, 6,700 acres, S.P. Fences, House, 
Wells, etc.: 20s. Good sheep country. 
Myponga, 1,316 acres, C. Lease: cheap, £320 
Rhine Villa, 605 acres, R.P, Lease. Stone 
House, Well, Garden, Fallow, Fenced; 35s 
Several fine River Properties near Mannum. 
Finniss, 1,003 acres, well watered and im- 
proved, three miles from Murray ; 21s acre 
Milang, R.P. Lease, 476 acres, 150 cleared, 
water, sure district; 203-as freehold, terins 
Smithfield, 300 acres, fine property, £7 12s 6d 
Narracoorte, 830 acres, House, Creek, Nettes, 
Fence, splendid Land; £3 acre, with $90 acres 
C. Lease. £1200, may remain 9 years 
434 acres, Clinton, Y.P., 23 bushel average, 
House, Fenced, Water, etc.; only 80s, terms 
Edithburgh, Y.P., 317a (90 acres Salt. Lake, 
return over £100 yearly, £1200 
Cherry Gardens, 160a freehold, 87a P lease, 
3 rooms, 300 fruit trees, good gardening land ; 
pleuty surface water water, 60s acre for freehold 
Narracoorte, 750 acres, splendid Farm, 863 ~ 
Magill, 11 acros, Pig, Poultry Farm, £1000 
Yort Lincoln district. Koppio, 1900a, well 
fenced, stone house 5dr, outbuildings, surface 
springs, 20 in rainfall, reaped up to 27 bushels, 
quantity cleared, balance gum ind sheoak, fine 
grazing. £60 due io Crown. 278 6d acre, 
goodwill 
Bowhi],. 4450a, 220 crop, all stock and im- 
plements. £800 the lot, exceptioual bargain, 
£600 the lot : 
Glen Roy, 2575.2, RP lease, with about 400 
wethers given in, 5s acre, goodwill 
Narracoorte, 316a, house, orchard, very choice 
property, £5 10s acre, £1000 stands at 44 
_PASPALUM SEED—We are booking orders 
for best Tweed River Seed, 26 lbs or more, at 
1s 3d, Adelaide. 
Hahndorf, 50 R., Sell or Let ; nica place. + 
Islington, Choice Dairy Farm; £2,300. 
New list of N.S. W. Farms just received. 
Money to Lend from 4 per cent. 
Easy terms arranged. 
Pirie Chambers, Pirie- treet. 
ECONOMIC 
Dental Company, Ltd 
174% Grenfell Street, Adelaide 
_ Under the direct personal supe:v:sion of cur 
Surgeon, Mr T, Ambrose Macklin, who is duly 
qualified by registration. rk ; 
Every detail is overlooked by our Surgeon at 
each stage, with the result that our. patients arg 
fully satisfied and our practise grows, 
We do not require to use Cocaine, Gis, 
Ether, or Chloroform, for Extractions however 
many, and they are quite painless, 
“Every branch of Dentigtry is undertaken 
us. : 
: Ou fees are pxcepdingly mo:ipratp. 
és 
