Marcu 15, 1906 
The best plan is to have a slatted gate, and for the first 
week tack a piece of scrim or hessian across the bottom to keep 
them in; then at the end of the week remove the scrim. Keep 
this going for another four weeks, then move coop and all into a 
nice shady spot where they can stay until matured. An orchard 
makes a fine pasture and it will be benefited by their presence 
Keep the mother enclosed for a few days to become used to 
the coop, and then give her her liberty. By this time the poults 
‘should be able to tackle similar food, to their mother. If there is 
plenty of greenstuff in the orchard (and when there are poultry 
in the orchard there should be, for the only cultivation required 
will be round the trees, untilall the greenstuff has been devoured, 
when the whole of it should be thoroughly worked), they will, 
from now on, do nicely with two feeds a day until they are ready 
ne market, when the tattening process calis for three good meals 
aily. 4 
T have said the best management is to leave them alone, But 
there are a few things want careful attention. From the timethe 
poults first get their liberty until they have “ shot the red,” that 
is until the head has become covered with the red caruncles, care 
must be taken to keep them dry. ‘They are silly little fish, and 
will stay out in a shower, catching their death chill, while the 
shelter of their mother’s wings and the protecting coop are within 
easy access. Whenever a shower threatens see they are at once 
driven into their pen, and take steps to retain them there until 
all danger is over. 
Another thing, turkeys above all other fowls, need greenstuff 
and grit, and their presence or absence means the difference 
between success and failure. An abundant and regular supply of 
cracked charcoal from birth to pot will make a wonderful differ- 
ence in their thrift, growth, welfare and final development. See 
it is always supplied. ; 
Turkey raising, as we have said, is one of the most profit- 
able features of poultry raising if local conditions are favorable: 
itis ore of the hardest of tasks if they are not so, and we do not 
advise those so situated to try it. he poults are at once delicate 
and hardy. They won’t stand too close confinement or wetting 
when young. Yet they can be raised with less actual attention 
and can take care of themselves better than any other class of 
poultry. 
Raising Poultry for Profit. 
In rearing poultry we must attend to nett profits instead of the 
number of eggs produced, the cost of keeping, or similar indica- 
tions of the profits of our business. 
Ax the Utah Experiment Station a pen of Rose Comb Brown 
Leghorns figured in some experiments. [It cost 66 cents to keep 
one of these pullets a year, and the average egg production was 
166, worth 1.96 dol: this shows a profit above feed of 1.30 dol for 
each of these pullets. Two other pens of the same variety made. 
showing not quite so good I have instanced this pen because its 
egg production was the highest. 
There were three pens of White Plymouta Rocks in tle same 
experiment. The best record made by any of these pens was 176 
eggs for each pullet in a year, worth 2.14 dol, and they ate feed 
worth 121 dol; each leaving a profit of 1.08 dol for each hen. 
In this particular case the experiment shows that the feed 
that would keep 100 Rose Comb Brown Leghorns would maintain 
50 White Plymouth Rocks. Or to put it another way the feed 
that would produce :0,C00 eggs if fed to Rose (‘omb Brown Leg- 
horns, would produce 8870 eggs if fed to White Plymouth Rocks. 
These results agree with results in Australia, and I give the 
figures merely to show thategg production is not all that should 
be considered when we are wanting the best breed for profit. 
Feed with your head as wellas your hands if you wish to 
attain the limit in successful results, 
Gardener 
tame ete i eh 
A Monthly Journal of 
Floriculture and Floriculture, 
Agriculture and Stock, 
Up-to-date Information about POULTRY 
3s. 6d. per annum, including post- PP. Hindmarsh square 
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‘THE AUSTRALIAN GARDENER. 
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MARCH, 
Pirie Street, 
Dairying. 
By Mr M. A. O’CatLaGHan, 
How to Commence. 
Ir he knew the district more intimately he 
would go into greater details as to the chief 
rules for successfully commencing the industry. 
The first consideration was undoubtedly the 
rainfall. No matter how rich the land might be 
a good rainfall is essential. The lowest under any 
circumstances must not be less than 25 inches; 
with 30 inchesa man must use his brains to 
succeed, with 50 inches he should be suecessful 
without any difficulty. Cows must hnve a plen- 
tiful su, ply of good water, a running stream if 
possible — certain good clean water that the 
animal would taste with pleasure in consuming. 
On a hot day a cow will take 8 or I0 gallons of 
water, os her product contained the greatest per 
centage of water, and she wantad much for her 
bodily needs. Dams, if used, must be protected 
from filth, which otherwise the cows convey on 
their skins and deposit in the milkpail. Then 
provision must be made for green fodder or at 
any rate a good snbstitute. In winter time the 
farmer should have ensilage if he wants to make 
the most of his industry. No matter how good 
his hay might be, and lucerne hay was very 
good, there must be some succulent food, Fod- 
der could be stored in silos in its green state, 
either by tub, or stack or pit. 
ABOUT THE HERD. 
To come to the class of cow. In buying a cow » 
a man thinks he gives a big price if he gives £10 
for her, but he would have to give double as 
much in England, where cows produce no more. 
The £10 would be repaid in one year if she were 
any good, and of course a buyer would have to 
remember that a seller did not sell his best cows 
as a usual thing. 
If a young man wanted to make an economi- 
cal successful beginning, he would advise him to 
go to a dairying district, buy 50 heifers from one 
year to eighteen months old, at say 70s to 80s, 
If they were secured a year before he intended 
to commence, by the time he was ready they 
would be in milk, and would cost £8 to £19 to 
buy them. He would have no pick of his herd, 
but he could cull out about fitty in the first 
year : a pure bred bull should be chosen. 
‘The future of the herd depends upon the 
bull, and a pure-bred animal was essential, as he 
must be expected to reproduce his own good 
points, a thing which a crossbred bull, however 
good te himself, could not be trusted to do; this 
great Jesson had been taught to the dairy 
farmers by the introduction of the Government 
bulls. No man must say he cannot afford a 
good bull for there is nothing ih owning a herd 
that will not keep him. A merchant in his busi- 
ness charges the cost of producing the article 
before estimating his profit, so should a dairy- 
man charge the cost of labor (even if done by 
his own family), of food and other expenses, 
and see what his cow turns himin. Select three 
cows as an example, and assume that the annual 
cost of attending each was £5: the first might 
produce 100 Ibs of butter, which, sold at 1s, 
would turn in £5 a year—that cow is not worth 
owning, a hundred such cows would not be worth 
milking. 
A second cow might produce 12d lb of butter, 
and she would be worth 25s a year to her 
owner: another might produce 150 lb —one of 
her sort would be better than two of class num- 
