10 
THE AUSTRALIAN GARDENER. - 
Gat—Even and rythmical movement of 
limbs, and even distribution of weight.. = - 
Appetite—When Stabled. Eager desire for 
food, as distinguished from greediness or laconic 
picking, at regular feeding times. Desire for 
variant food, such as carrots, green stuff and 
the like. Refusal of mouldy or coarse food, 
also bones, lime, sand, earth and rubbish Slow 
rhythmic grinding of the bolus of food. 
* In paddock. Almost continuously grazing 
and moving,except when attention arrested, or 
‘when engaged in play, or seeking shade from 
sun, or shelter from wind and rain. Healthy 
“working horses usually roll when just turned 
-out, whinnying at familiar sounds, or when 
alarmed, is indulged in at intervals. 
Coat—Sleek, flat, glossy, and even (no har- 
ness marks) when groomed: greasy to the touch 
when not. : 
Skin—Supple and loose to handle; clean and 
free from scurf when groomed, scurfy when un- 
groomed. Pigmented (black) in most horses. 
Equable warmth and sensibility to touch all 
over. 
Ears—Mobile, alert and evenly pricked. 
Eyes—Eyeball bright and glistening, without 
-excess Of moisture or tears, sensitive to touch or 
_approach of finger. 
The pupil transparent, in shape oval or ob- 
long, with rounded ends; sensitive to light, con 
tracting in a bright light and dilating in dark- 
ness. 
White of ear (sclerotic coat) clear, even 
white; not bloodshot or tinged with yellow or 
-other color. 
Haw of the eye and conjunctiva (lining of 
-eyelids), carnation red, and moist. 
Eyelids mobile and sensitive. 
Lips—Mobile, dry, smooth, velvety, and sen- 
sitive to the touch. 
Venues = 
Ballarat Gardens, showing Pavilion containing statuar 
“/ 
° 
Nostrils dry, except for an occasional drop of 
moisture below the-tear duct. a a 
Mouth—Lining “dull pink color, moist and 
_free from clamininess. 
Teeth—Incisors free from chipping or signs 
of wear, except on nipping surface; molars even 
grinding surfaces, free from jiggedness at elges 
and decay 
Gums—Upper bars level with teeth. soft and 
springy, but not tense, painful or swollen, ex- 
cept during teething. 
Tongue mobile. moist, and free from furri- 
ness. 
Visible mucous membranes (linings of nostrils, 
eyelids, and vulva), carnation red in color and 
moist. 
Hoofs shape approaching the circular on the 
ground surface; the hind hoofs are somewhat 
more oval. The natural angle at which the front - 
of the hoof meets the ground at the toe is about 
50 deg in the fore feet and 55 deg in the hind 
feet, the latter being more upright and having 
usually higher heels. The surface of the wall 
should be even, smooth and polished, free from 
cracks, rings or unevenness of growth. Heels 
broad and open. Bars strong and thick, to afford 
bearing surface for heel of shoe. Frog broad, 
full and springy, free from moisture and foetid 
smell; should show signs of wear by contact 
with ground. Sole dry and flakey, free from 
moisture, absence of softness, and powdering 
texture. The hoof horn should be tough and 
yielding, not rigid, brittle, or shelly. The off 
and near hoofs should be uniform in shape and 
size. 
Anus full and prominent in young horses, 
clean and free from scurf and scales. 
Defeecation, moderate frequency of bowel 
movements, the average being ten or twelve 
ne Ballarat by the late Mr. Thomas Stoddar 
January 18, 1906 
times in 2% hours, unaccompanied by fetid flatus 
- and-without unpleasant smell, => 
Feces (dung). In quantity from 25 to 35 lbs 
during the 14 hours, a greater part being pissed 
during the night than the day time. Appear- 
ance moderately dry and balled, with moder- 
ately firm coherence of particles, but without 
gluey consistence. or: coating, free from whole 
grain or only partially disintegrated food par- 
ticles; color corresponding with character of 
fued. (Balled fzeces of normal cohesion float in 
water.) ; 
Urination—Desire to stale on returning to 
the stable or on being bedded down. 
Urine quantity varies iccording to diet and 
activities, being less in horses at werk, average 
about nine pints per day, pussed at three or four 
stalings. Appearance yellowish red or straw 
color, and turbid without excess of seliment, 
blood tinge, or sliminess, or foatid color. The 
urine of mares in season has an oily consistency 
Internal temperature 100 to 101 deg F. Ex-. 
ternal moderate and even warmth of body sur-: 
face: warmth of ears, extrenities (pastorns ani 
cannons), and hoofs nniform ‘ ! 
Pulse from 35 to 45 beats per miaute 
Breathing irom twelve to fifteen respirations 
per minute ; even rhythmical rise and fall of: 
ribs and flank, absence of tifting cough or othar 
noise, and of double flank heave on sharp exer- 
cise. 
2v 
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