September 2. 1907 
Potatoes.— Plant a few rows of Early 
Rose or Kidney varieties. Avoid cutting 
into sets, if possible. Plant in rows about 
3 feet apart, setting the potatoes about 
6 inches deep and 1 foot apart. 
Radish.—Sow a little seed from time 
to time during the month. 
LONG PRICKLY CUCUMBER, 
Rhubarb, — This vegetable may be 
planted in well-manured, well dug-up 
soil. Plant about 4 feet apart, and so 
deep that the crowns of the plants will be 
about 2 or3 inches only below the ground 
wher they have been covered ith light 
soil. 
Salsify or Vegetable Oyster— Sow seed 
in light, rich, deep soil. Make the drills 
for seed about 15 inches apart, and when 
seedlings appear thin ont 4 to 6 in. apart. 
Tomato, Egg Plant, Cape Gooseberry, 
and Capsicum.—Sceds may be sown in 
beds, boxes, or pots during the month in 
warm weather. 
EARLY SUARLET NANTES CARROT. 
The blocks in the foregoing have been 
kindly lent by Messrs. E. & W. Hackett, 
Seedsmen and Nurserymen, 73 Rundle 
Street, Adelaide. 
THE AUSTRALIAN GARDENER. 5 
Toa 
The Flowet Garden. 
GIANT TRIMARDEAU PANSY. 
The Violet and the Pansy. 
(By J. Crontn.) 
The garden forms of violet and pinsy 
have been. derived from Viola, a genus of 
dwarf plants, mostly perennial in growth, 
species of which have been found native 
in many parts of the world, There is a 
great number of species of violas, but 
only a few are cultivated except in bo- 
tanical collectious. All are low growing 
plants, and naturolly occur in cool and 
shady situations. 
The sweet violets, Violet odorata and 
_ its variety alba are natives of Britain, and 
are found growing in the fields and hedge 
rows. The present gacden types of violets 
have been raised from this species, and 
while the flower has long been popular 
an account of its perfume and time of 
blooming, the interest in it has largely 
increased of late years owing to the im- 
provement that has been effected by 
gardeners in increasing the size and 
introducing more varied coloring in the 
flowers and vigor in the plants, without 
diminishing the characteristic perfume. 
The single varieties in particular have 
been greatly improved. The double 
flowered violets have been produced form 
a variety of the common violet, Viola 
odorata var, pallida plena, the Neapolitan 
violet. The double types, though not as 
hardy as the single kinds, are also popular 
garden plants, floweing freely under suit- 
able ccnditions. The flowers are delight- 
fully fragrant, in many varieties the per- 
fume resembling that of the wallflower. 
Violets thrive in the Southern and ele- 
vated districts of this State, but require 
some protection in the hot Northern dis- 
tricts, particularly where the soil is of a 
sondy nature. They endure a deal of 
heat if the soil at the roots is moiet and 
cool. 
-The violet succeeds best in a fairly 
heavy soil that has been deeply worked 
and moderately manured. An excessive: 
quantity of nitrogenous manure will 
cause the production of an excess of gross 
foliage and very little bloom, The usual 
position assigned to violets is that of 
edging plants, for which purpnse they 
are specially suitable. The single flowered 
varieties will thrive in any aspect except- 
ing an excessively shaded one, but the ~ 
. double varieties require a rather shaded 
position unless the soil is cool and moist. 
Red spider is the principal insect pest of 
the violet, and-is difficult to axterminate 
owing to its attacking the under surface. 
of the loaf. When the plants are badly 
affected the leaves become yellow in color. 
and should be cut off and burned; in the 
case of plants newly set out, the applica 
tion of water is necessary. 
Violet plants bloom freely for two 
seasons, after which they become weak 
and straggling in habit, and the flowers 
produced are poor and few. The plants 
should be renewed after the second year, 
fresh soil being necessary to insure success. 
Strong sturdy runners with roots attached 
should be selected, and planted either in 
the spring or autumn. The plants should 
be mulched with rotted manure early in 
summer. : 
The principal varieties are :—Double~ 
flowered: Neapolitan and De Parme, 
mauve: Marie Louise, lavender blue; 
New York, violet; Lady Hume Campbell, 
mauve; Count Brazza, white; Madame 
Millet, rose; and King of Violets, dark 
blue. Single flowered ; Admiral Avellan,. 
