September 2 1907 
“THE AUSTRALIAN GARDENER. 
9 
to propagation out of doors without glass. 
in frames screencd with ordinary lath 
screens, Azaleas, kalmias and andromedas 
we believe cannot be very successfully 
grown in this way. They should be sown 
under glass upon clean sphagnum moss 
where the humidity desired may be care- 
fully maintained 
Here, allow us to remark that other 
things being equal, the man who has land 
well adapted to growing of seedlings will 
succeed, while the nan who has not suit- 
able land had better let deciduous seed- 
lings alone and deyote his attention to 
something else. 
Tue Srootina ok Layering MerHon, 
A word relative to the stocling or 
layering method in additton to what has 
already been said will suffice. Every tree 
or plant has its own peculiarities. Plants 
are capricious. Some will lend themselves 
to one method of treatment and others to 
another. There are some verieties of orna- 
mentals that can be more successfully pro- 
pagated by stooling then, by any other 
method. For example the large flowering 
magnolias. The types can be raised from 
seed, but the Chinese varieties must be 
propagated in somo other way, While we 
have seen the types raised from seed very 
successfully, we do not know of any firm 
in this country who has any considerable 
number of good stooling plants of mag 
nolias. Why it is so we do not understand 
unless it be that the most of the growers 
-are like ourselves, too young or too iznor- 
ant about the propagation of this class of 
stock to get good stooling plants. So far 
as our observation has gone, all the lead- 
ing nurserymen in Holland have their 
stooling plants carefully planted and as 
carefully tended and a crop of ycung 
magnolias coming oneach year, ‘hese are 
planted at a distance of about twelve feet 
apart. The same is true as before mentio- 
ned of limes, elms, Norway and silver 
maples and many other varieties of trees, 
It is readily seen that once a specimen 
tree has been found and ihe same has 
been stooled, the entire product will be 
of uniform excellence. 
By Currtyas. 
The next method of propagation is by 
cuttings, both hard and soft wood. 
This we believe is the most geueral 
method of propagation in this country. 
A large number of common shrubs lend 
themselves easily to this method of treat- 
ment such as the cornels, privet, spirzeas, 
for the most part and many others. 
Hard wood cuttings should be made 
from wood of the previous Summer’s 
growth cut from the stock plants after it 
has thoroughly ripened out, but before it 
has been subjected to a too low degree of 
temperature, This wood should be packed 
away in sand or moss where it will neither 
rot or become too dry, At the convenience 
of the propagator the wood can be worked 
up into cuttings which are usually tied 
into bundles of one hundred each, and 
again packed away where they callus pre- 
paratory to root-making, when they are 
planted in the open. 
« 
Grand Live Stock Show, 
SEPTEMBER 11, 12, 13, 14, 1907. 
MEMBER’S TICKETS, 21/.—Admit to both Shows Membar and Two Ladies to Ground 
and Reserves ; also gives two ordinary admission cards. 
JUNIOR MEMBERS, 10/6. 
Admission each day of Show, 1s. 
29 Waymouth Street. 
In latitudes where it is very warm and 
the soil is light as it is in France, it is 
necessary to plant these cuttings under 
bell glasses in the field, but we have never 
seen anyone propagating in that way in 
this country. It is the general method 
in France. i 
There are some varieties that cannot be 
worked by the hard wood method. They 
will only root from soft wood, or at least 
take most kindly to this method such ag 
Philadelphus coronarious aurea, the for- 
sythias, Hydrangea paniculata grandiflora 
weigelias, viburnum plicatum and many 
more. Here care must be exercised in 
taking the wood when it is not too soft 
or too hard: that is, when it will break 
short and crisp like a slender piece of 
burned clay, but not when so tough as to 
bend double without breaking ‘The cut- 
tings should be made larger than many 
propagators make them, we are convinced, 
just as large as they can be made from 
the wood in hand. They must not be 
allowed to wilt before or after planting 
in the frame, which may be with or with- 
out greater heat, 
On this point opinion appears to differ. 
From our observation we don’t believe 
bottom heat necessary. We know of one 
firm of very successful propagators who 
strongly advocate bottom heat, such as 
may be had by putting fresh horse manure 
in the frame pit uader the sand. 
We also know of another equally suc- 
cessful propagator who never uses bottom 
heat and says it is not necessary. 
‘His product is just as good as is that 
of the other firm. When doctors disagree 
what are we to do? Judye each man for 
himself and act accordingly. 
We ure nowat the critical point in 
soft wood propagation after the tirst cut- 
tings haye been well made and properly 
set in the frame. An even temperature of 
hot humid air must be maintained. Here 
the genius of the propagator comes into 
play. Rules only in the most general way 
can be made, There must be water enough 
but not too much, and when the rooting 
process is well under way, chey must be 
hardened up by letting in some air, but 
not too much at first. The egys in this 
basket must be carefully watched or the 
whole will be a failure. Weare convinced 
Chidren, 6d. 
JOHN CRESWELL, Secretary. 
that this is the point where the genius 
of the plantsman is tested as nowhere else 
in the whole round of propagation. 
Not every man can be a successful pro- 
pagator is our firm conviction. 
A good propagator is a born propagator 
Experience perfects him, but he is not a 
manufactured product, 
PROPAGATION UNDER GLASS. 
It may be uecessary to note in passing 
that certain plants can be most success- 
fully propagate1 by soft cuttings grown 
from forced plants under glass This 
applies to a few deciduous shrubs and to 
many herbaceous piants But the bulk 
of herbaceous plants are raised from seeds 
or propagated by divisions 
And this brings us to the simplest of 
all methods of propagation by division. 
Any one can do this, It requires only 
a few plants to start with, which can be 
broken up and planted to become salable 
plants in three months’ time. 
Incidentally, it must be said that a few 
ornamentals, suchas amygdalus and a few 
herbaceous plants, like orieatal poppies 
and phlox, can be most easily and profit- 
ably propagited by root cnttings. 
GRAFTING AND BupDpDING, 
The last and final method of propa- 
gation we shall mention are the methods 
of grafting and budding. So familiar 
are these methods to every gontleman 
present, that no word that we can offer 
will be of interest. One observation we 
have made in foreign nurseries, especielly 
in Holland, was this. It seemed to us that 
if a plant could be produced by grafting 
then grafted it must be, so fond are they 
of grating or budding. In this country 
quite the opposite is true. Ifa tree can 
be produced successfully in any other way 
it is not done by grafting or budding.— 
‘ Florists’ Exchange.’ : 
Locksmith. Ete. 
ne 
GEBHARD? (August J. Gebhardt) 
e Locksmith, Gunsmith and Machi- 
nist, Grenfell Street (Rear of No. 70, 
right opposite Bible House) Adelaide, 
Repairs to Garden Tools and Implements 
a speciality, Keys fitted to any lock or 
any given sample. 
