Io 
THE AUSTRALIAN GARDENER. 
September 2, 1907 
The Orchard. 
Planting operations should be com- 
pleted If delayed too long the young 
trees will not get fairly established before 
the dry weather sets in, when they will 
make but weakly growth Pruning also 
should be finished as early as possible 
this month, otherwise if delayed until the 
sap begins to rise and the trees to swell 
the trees are weakened, 
Tt will be necessary to use the spray 
pump in order to deal with mussel stale 
and red spider. The latter insect does 
far more injury to the tree than many 
orchardists suspect. It can be observed 
on the underside of the small branches 
and fruit spurs, appearing red like brick 
dust. Kerosene emulsion and red oil are 
about the best remedies to destroy it. 
‘The red oil should be made into an 
emulsion as follows:—Take an empty 
kerosene tin, put in a gallon of soft 
water and bring it to boil, dissolve 1 lb. 
soft soap in it, taxe the can off the fire 
and add J gallon red oil, place on the fire 
again, and stir continually until it just 
commences to boil. Then lift off the fire 
and work it through a small spray pump 
for a period of not less than three minutes 
and make up with cold water to 15 gallons. 
It is also necessary that a complete emul- 
sion should be formed, otherwise the free 
oil floats on top and comes through the 
spray pump at the last, with the result 
that it will most eertainly kill tree and 
branch where it comes in contact. 
Peach trees will require spraying for 
black aphis. The old remedy, tobacco 
and soft soap, is about the best to use. 
Put 11b, of tobacco in a tub and pour 
four gallons of boiling water over it, cover 
it over and allow lt to infuse for an hour 
or two. Then dissolve 2 1b, soft soap in 
2 gallons of water, add this to the tobacco 
water, and make up the whole to .20 
gallons of spray. Kerosene emulsion is 
also good for the peach aphis. Where 
the trees are bidly affected with the 
aphis they should he sprayed every week 
to keep it well under. 
Strawberry plantations may still be 
renewed; clear off all the runners in the 
old beds, and dig or plough between the 
rows. Raspberries and gooseberries inay 
still be planted, but it is not advisable to 
plant too late. Old and worn out trees 
provided the roots are healthy, can be 
renewed by cutting them well back; they 
wlll soon shoot again with renewed vigor. 
If the present varieties are nct suitable 
for market requirements, the trees can be 
regrafted early this month with varieties 
better adapted to locality or for market 
purposes, 
A sharp look out should be kept for the 
appearance of woolly aphis, and should 
any trees be found invested, they should 
be carefully pruned, removing and burn- 
ing as many of the infested tvigs as 
possible. Then either scrub the trees 
thoroughly,. using a strong kerosene 
emulsion, or fumigate with hydrocyanic 
acid gas, so as to eradicate this pest if 
possible. 
All bark should be scraped from apple, 
pear, and quince trees, and the scrapings 
burnt, and everything in the orchard 
which would be a harbor for codlin moth 
destroyed. Keep all fruit-houses as clean 
as possible, as there is no doubt that they 
are responsible for harboring a great many 
moths every year Therefore, keep tne 
rooms as airtight as possible, and as soon 
as the moths begin to hatch in the spring, 
burn sulphur fumes in the rooms once 
every other day for a fortnight, so that 
the moths may be destroye1 as they begin 
to fly. 
In working around vines keep a sharp 
lookout for the pups of the vine moth 
If there are any old, partially-rotted 
stakes, the moths will be found adhering 
to these, and also to the old bark which 
is hanging to the vine. Crush these 
whenever found, and thus assist in keep- 
ing down this pest as far as possible. 
The Commonwealth Administration, in 
its anxiety to assist the man on the land, 
has placed a duty of 1/6 per 100 super 
feet on undressed timber. Before the 
new duty came into force fruit-cases cost 
10d. each. Now, however, orchardists 
will be fortunate if they are able to pro- 
cure them for less than 1/ each. Large 
wheat-growers, who can betier afford to 
pay for the bags in which they send their 
produce to market, are allowed to import 
chaff, corn, and wheat sacks without duty. 
Then when the orchardist requires soda 
crystals for spraying, and rabher nose with 
which to apply the mixture, he must pay 
a duty of 1/ per ewt for the former, anil 
25 per cent. ad valorem for the rubber 
hose, which will not make it easier for 
him to comply with t e Vegetation 
Diseases Act, The tissue-paper which he 
used to wrap round his fruit intended for 
export must also, unless 1mported from 
the United Kingdom, pay a duty of per 
cent. These are some of the particular 
disadvantages. Like the general con- 
sumer, he will be asked to pay more for 
nearly everything he wears or uses, and 
his export freights will not be lessened 
when the tariff, by prohibiting trade from 
abread, makes it necessary for vessels to 
come here in ballast or with light cargoes 
to take away Australiau produce.—‘ The 
Australasian ’” 
(SENSES AE 
Watch for dodder in your Incerne this 
year. If you find a spot, cut itall out and 
burn it. That will kill the dodder seeds 
and spores, Beiter kill the lucerne on 
that spot then have the dodder spread 
over the entire field. 
There is a faculty of judgment, of see- 
ing, of comparison, that can be acquired 
only by experience, Rooks and periodi- 
cals are efficient helps, but actual contact 
wtth the business in all its details is the 
key to stecess, 
Do not waste the potato peelings, 
they are the best part of the potato ‘and 
make good poultry feed. 
Foop Requirements or Hysrip Crrmp- 
inc Rosrs.—A recent part of “ Journal 
de la Societe Nationale d’Horticulture de. 
France ”’ contains a paper by M G. Truf- 
faut on the food requirements of hybrid 
climbing roses. The author chose for his 
various experiments the sturdy and well- 
known rose Madam Ulrich Brunner and 
with the assistance of M. Cochet-Cochet 
aad other growers was able to work on a 
large scile. The results obtained by the. 
_ Various food-constitnents are summarised. 
as follows :—Tho mixture of nitrates and 
phosphoric acid produced very fine growth, 
extra large flowers early, and well colored, 
Complete manured poor in potash yielded 
excellent results, even in soils rich in 
nitrogen and in phosphoric acid. Roses. 
should be grown in clayey or in clayey- 
siliceous soils, not over rich in humus, 
I advise, says M. Truffant, for manuring 
roses in the open ground in Autumn, a 
little cow manure, and in Spring to spread 
on each square metre (rather over 3 feet) 
5) grammes of precipitated bone phos. 
phite, 30 grammes of burnt horn, 10 
grammes of dried neat, 10 gramines of 
dried blood (L gramme equal to 15.4,324 
grains). The whole to be forked in, 
Then, after June 15, the plants should be 
watered with a solution of 1 gramme per 
litre (1 litre equal to 35.2,154 0z ) of the 
following mixture :—50 per cenit, phos: 
phate of ammonia and 60 per cent. 
nitrate of aimmonia; this gives 23 per 
cent. of nitrogen and 2 per cent. of 
phosph sie acid. By following these 
directions, by appropriate pruning, and 
leaving a inoderate number of flowering 
shoots, bloom will be maintained until 
November, the flowers being large and 
fragrant, the stems firm and branching, 
the foliage dark green and shining, thick, 
and resisting rast and mildew. 
s 
One who engages in any Lusiness with- 
out knowing anything abont it will -be 
extremely fortunate if he does not make 
some expensive blunders. 
Gladioli The WORLD'S 
AND FINEST and IM- 
Sweet PROVED GIANT 
VARIETIES, 
Peas by 
L. H. Howell] - 
Gladioli Specialist, 
MOUNT VICTORIA, 
NEW SOUTH WALES. 
——— 
NOW READY TO SEND OUT, 
Catalogue Post Free: 
