March 1, 1908 
THE AUSTRALIAN GARDENER. 
T2 
ee 
forms a cushion for the fruit and mini- 
mises the danger of bruising. Never use a 
newspaper in any form, either for lining 
the cases or to fill up any spaces. as the 
printer’s ink is readily absorbed by the 
fruit, to which it imparts an unpleasant 
flavour. 
7. Use light, dry, clean, neat cases, 
having cleats on one side sv as to allow 
for ventilation when stacked, Line the 
cases with strong white paper, and after 
packing leave the fruit for a day or two, 
if possible, to settle beforemailing on the 
lid. ‘The dryness of the case is of the 
first importance, and much loss is now 
caused by the use of green timber for 
cases that are used for export. 
8. Brand every case distinctly—first, to 
show the kind, quality, and number of 
fruit it contains; and, secondly, with the 
brand of the grower or shipper, which 
should be either a litho. or a stencil. 
Whatever brand is used it pays to have it 
attractive, and in addition to it being 
attractive it should be distinct and readily 
distinguishable. as this will save a lot of 
trouble when loading and unloading the 
vessel, and there is little chance of the 
cases becoming mixed. 
9. Maintain the quality of your brand. 
Don’t think that all you have to do is to 
establish a reputation for your brand, and 
that you can then trade on the reputa- 
tion, and so work off inferior fruit, You 
may do so once, but you will destroy the 
confidence of your buyers, which confi- 
dence in a brand once destroyed takes a 
long time to become re-established, 
10. Handle the goods carefully when 
shipping. Never use slings. as they 
bruise the fruit badly. 
Cultivation. 
If you want to grow good fruit, and 
to make fruit-growing pay, you must cul- 
tivate your orchard thoroughly, 
Keep the orchard clean. No orchardist 
can afford to grow a crop of weeds and a 
crop of fruit at the same time. Lf it is 
too much trouble to keep the orchard 
clean, then the best thing the owner can 
do is to quit growing fruit; he was not 
made for an orchardist, aud should take 
up some easier line of work. Rest assured 
that if an orchard planted with the right 
varieties, in a suitable soil and district, 
can only pay when given thorough care 
Mrs. Anna Porter, 
7 Arcade, Rundle Street, 
(GRENFELL STREET ENTRANCE), 
ADELAIDE, 
Choice Works of Art and Novelties. 
Inspection invited, 
and attention and kept in the highest 
state of cultivation and free from al 
fungus pests, a neglected, ill-pruned, ill- 
cultivated, and diseased orchard will 
stand a very poor chance, besides being 
a disgrace to the district and 2 propagat- 
ing and disseminating ground for every 
kind of disease that fruit is subject to. 
Thorough cultivation is of the greatest 
importance to the orchard, as, besides 
keeping the land clean and friable, it is 
the surest way of retaining moisture in 
the soil during a dry time. Where un- 
cultivated land will dry right out and be 
perfectly unworkable, the same ground 
properly cultivated will retain all the 
moisture necessary for the trees’ growth, 
and, what is more, should there be a 
shower at any time during the dry spell, 
the cultivated land will absorb and retain 
all the rain that falls, whereas the uncul- 
tivated land will absorb little, if any, the 
greater portion rauning off the surface 
and being lost. Every weed growing in 
an orchard in a dry time is robbing the 
trees of the water required for their 
proper development ; so, therefore, if for 
no «ther reason, the orchard should be 
kept ss clein as possible. Besides this, 
the growth of weeds and the accumula- 
tion of rubbish in an orchard forms the 
best of shelters for many injurious fruit 
pests. and renders it difficult to deal suc- 
cessfully with them. 
Thorough cultivation is the} est remedy 
against drought, in that by keeping the 
surface of the soil in a fine state, and 
never allowing it to set, the surface acts 
as a mulch, and prevents the loss of 
moisture from the soil by surface evapora- 
The New York 
Tailoring Co., 
67 HINDLEY STREET. 
We have a large 
stock of Woollens 
to choose from. 
Suits and Extra 
Trousers, 37/6. 
Ladies’ Costumes 
and Riding Habits 
from 57/6, 
Fit and workman- 
ship guaranteed. 
Also a large stock 
of Gents’ Mercery, 
Boots, and Travel- 
ling Goods to 
choose from, that 
can be purchased 
at 20 per cent. 
less than else- 
where. 
Self-measurement 
forms on applica. 
tion, 
tion. By preventing the surface soil from 
setting you prevent the formation of 
capillaries right to the- surface of the 
land, and it is through the capillaries 
that surface evaporation takes place. 
Every orchardist knows how moist the 
soil keeps when covered by a mulch of 
straw, leaves, or bush-raking, and a soil 
mulch produced by thorough cultivation 
has the same results, and for the same 
reason, viz., that it prevents surface 
evaporation. The method of cultivation 
to be adopted is the same in all cases. the 
implements used depending on the nature 
of the soil and the size of the orchard. 
Plough the orchard during the winter 
and cultivate during the summer. Plough- 
ing tends to sweeten the soil, and to break 
up any pin that may be formed, as well 
as to bury any weeds and trash that may 
have gathered in the orchard after the 
summer cultivation is dispensed with, 
Plough the orchard as soon as it has been 
pruned, and leave it in the rough so that 
any sourness in the soil may be sweetened, 
Plough well, the depth depending on the 
variety of fruit and the nature and depth 
of soil. Use implements that turn the 
soil right over, and for this purpose the 
short-breasted American ploughs are the 
best, being easier to pull, better to handle, 
and doing more work than the ordinary 
F. W. PREECE, 
For 20 years wfuh Messrs. E. S. Wigg & Son, 
Bookseller and Stationer. 
BOOKS for FARMERS & GARDENERS. 
Tae Fertiniry oF tHE Lanp, bth ed. 
1906, by J. P. tioberts. 
6s. Td. 
Mink anp Irs Propucts, 9th ed., 1905, 
by H. H. Wing. 538.5 posted, 5s. 5d. 
Tue Weppine oF ANIMALS, 3rd ed., 1905, 
by W. H. Jordan. 6s.; posted. 6s. 5d 
PracticaL GARDEN Book, 4th ed , 1904, 
by C. E. Hunn and L. H. Bailey, 4s. ; 
posted, 4s. 4d. 
WORKS BY L. H. BAILEY. 
Principles of Vegetable Gardening, 5th 
ed,, 1906. 6s.; posted, 6s. 8d. 
Principles of Fruit Growing, 9th ed, 1906. 
6s.; posted, 6s, 7d. 
Principles of Agriculture. 10th ed., 1905. 
5s. 6d. ; posted, 5s. 11d. 
Garden Making, 11th ed.. 1907. 
posted, 5s. 5d. 
Horticulturists’ Rule Book, new and re- 
vised ed., 1907, 3s. 6d. ; posted, 3s, 10d. 
The Forcing Book, 6th ed., 1906. 5s. ; 
posted, 5s. 4d. 
The Pruning Book, 7th ed., 1906. 6s. ; 
posted, 6s. 6d. 
36 King William Street. 36 
> 
6s.; posted, 
5s ; 
