16: 
THE AUSTRALIAN GARDENER. — 
April 1, 1908: 
No Increase iz Price. 
pmarkishas 
THE OLD FAVORITE. 
D M ()N ) 
“Dark Twist, Ss. 19. 
TOBACCO, 
Aromatic, 3s. 9d. 
Obtainable at all istores or of the Sole Agents 
ow. CORNELL & Co., 55 Rundle Street, Adelaide. 
conederalle relation to the probability of 
that material iufecting healthy fowls. 
The practice of feeding soft food from 
the ground affords the best opportunity 
of contamination of the food with fresh 
droppings, and there exists the possability 
of conveying infectious materials by the 
feet to the food outside. 
There is no known remedy for the cure: 
of tuberculosis in the fowl. Affected birds 
should be killed as‘soon as the existence 
of che disease is recognised. It is useless 
to attempt taeatment. It must be con- 
trolled by measures designed to keep the 
healthy fowls separated from the diseased 
-ones 
When the disease exists in a fiock of 
fowls, there are usually many in the early 
stages that do not betray their condition 
by appearance or behaviour. 
Thero is at present no means of detect- 
ing the existence of tuberculosis in a fowl 
until the affection has progressed suffi- 
ciently to produce lameness or emaciation 
There is reason to believe that fowls 
may be diseased badly enough to make 
them a source of danger to other fowls, 
without suggesting by their appearance 
that they are affected. The tuberculin 
test so generally used for the detection 
-of the disease in ‘cattle does not give 
positive results when applied to tubercu- 
lous fowls. 
Tuberculin is a liquid prepared from 
beef broth, in which the tubercle bacteria 
have been cultivated for several weeks. 
When injected under the skin of cattle 
affected with tuberculosis, it produces 
a rise in temperature, usually about 
2 degrees above normal, The test in 
competent and honest hands affords ready 
means of detecting the disease when other- 
means would fail, Trials upon 21 fowls 
affected with the disease have not indicated 
hat the test may be sucoessfully applied 
‘o them, and in view of the unsatis- 
tactory results obtained, it was determined 
fo repeat the work. But even should the 
tuberculin test prove applicable: to fowls, 
its usefulness would be limited on account 
of the impossibility of applying it toa 
, large number of them, as would be neces- 
sary ona large poultry-farm. 
There is no aj), rent way of recognising 
all the tuberculous fowls in a flock so that 
they may be rémuved. Therefore, all the 
‘individuals in an affected flock must. be 
regarded as dangerous to'those free from 
the disease, and must be kept free from 
them. Fowls suspected of having tuber- 
culosis should be killed promptly. The 
roosting-houses should be cleaned and 
disinfected as often as practicable. 
It should be remembered that cases 
which canuot be detected are constantly 
‘spreading the germs of the disease about 
the houses, and, in consequence, the effect 
of one spraying of disinfectants is of short 
duration. 
Relation to Tuberculosis in Man and 
Cattle.—The subject.of the relationship 
between tuberculosis. in man or cattle 
and the disease in fowls is full of interest. 
Tuberculosis in cattle is prevalent in the 
same district in which the disease occurs 
in fowls, and examples of tuberculosis in 
both cattle and fowls onthe same ranch 
have been observed. Attempts to transmit 
the disease from. man or cattle to fowls 
have usually failed. The possibility of 
the transmission of turberculosis from 
poultry to man is a matter concerning 
which it is exceedingly difficult to collect 
evidence. 
The fact that fowls :when eaten are 
well cooked, indicates that there is prac- 
tically no danger ' from that source. It 
has not been proven that. tuberculosis is 
transmitted through the egg; and further © 
most eggs are well. cooked when served. 
It does not: appear, therefore, that tuber- 
culosis in fowls is a matter that very 
intimately concerns public health. 
_ The experience of most poultry-breeders | 
in relation to the. many forms of liver ° 
‘disease is that adult fowls are usually the 
- subjects, and the authority above confirms 
~ this, ‘that no tuberculosis ‘has. been found 
in young chickens, however, during the 
present season. The’ writer had an expe: 
rience in his own yards which, unfortu- 
nately shows that some deaths during 
chickenhood may be due to a diseased 
liver. Ina flock of cress-bred chickens 
four weeks old; two became droopy listless 
and with poor appetite. On the third or 
fourth day one died and when dissected the 
liver was found to be enlarged and covered 
with pale spots, I killed the second one 
and, through the Chief Inspector of Stock — 
the liver was forwarded to the Microbio 
logical Laboratory, Department of Public 
Health. for report, which I duly received 
and was as follows;—“The section of liver 
shows areas of necrosis.” In other words 
there was a mortification or dying of the 
liver. 
She was a lady of mature years, and 
seeing that she was wiping the flower off 
her hands with her apron, the grocer was 
not surprised to learn that she had left the 
task of making the week-end puddings to 
visit him. 
“Me an’ my ’usband’s bin faving a 
hargyment,”’ she said, ‘an’ we thought 
you could settle it. How long’s the dodo 
been extinct 2 
Mr Sands retreated into his private 
sanctum, selected the “D” section of the 
new encyclopadia, and returned with tke 
information that the dodo had been 
extinct 200 years.. ¢ 
“Oh” said the lady, as she suddenly 
produced some doubtful-looking eg; 
from her pocket, “ I thought by the ere 
it was about that; but my ’usband ’e 
said it was 300 years, You must ’ave 
made a mistake a-sendin’ ‘em to me.. I’ 
ordered ’en’s eggs, not dodo’s !” 
Soft food for fowls should be. given as ; tf: 
dry as possible. 
and the minimum of waste. © °° / 
A balanced ration is an allowance of 
food which is so mixed, and. proportioned - 
‘as to produce the maximum of food yalue 
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