May 1, 1908 
THE AUSTRALIAN GARDENER. 
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LS 
‘ We were talking the other day,’ said 
he, - about the many ways that old plants 
have of making new ones. See how this 
black raspbetry vine is spreading.’ 
The Chief Gardener pointed to a long 
branch that had bent over until the end 
touched the earth. This end had taken 
root. and now a little plant was there, all 
formed and ready to grow the coming 
year. : A 
‘Here is another just like it, said 
“Davy, ‘and another—why, there are lots 
of them !” 
‘ Yes, the vine sends out many of these 
long slender branches with a heavy little 
bud at the end of each to weigh it down. 
Such branches are called stolons, and 
when the bud touches the earth it sends 
out roots. Strawberries have runners 
which do the same thing. You will find 
plenty of them if you look in the patch,’ 
Davy and Prue went over to the straw- 
berries and found that the vines, now red 
and brown from frost, had sent out 
runners and made little new plants, like 
the black raspberries. 
‘You seo, said the Chief Gardener, 
‘we pick the berries, which are the seeds, 
so all berry vines must have some other 
way of spreading. The red raspberries do 
it in a different way. They send out 
runners too, but they are from the roots, 
and when the sprouts some up we call 
them suckers. Many kinds of plants have 
suckers, and there are some kinds of trees 
_that are so given to sprouting that they 
* cannot be used for shade.’ 
‘What a lot of ways there are for plants 
to get a start !’ said Davy. 
‘Suppore we try to think of as many 
as we can,’ suggested the Chief Gardener. 
‘You begin, Prue.’ 
‘Seeds and roots and bend-overs and 
stuck-ins,’ said Prue. ‘ That’s four.’ 
Davy and the Chief Gardener laughed. 
‘Well, that is a good start, but there 
are a great many kinds of roots and 
‘bend-overs’ ; but what are ‘stuck-ins’ ? 
‘Why, pieces stuck in the ground to 
grow. Mamma does it with her geran- 
iums,’ Prue explained. 
¢Oh, slips! I see. Why, Prue, your 
answer covers about everything, after all. 
Now, Davy, let’s hear from you.’ 
‘ Well, seeds—that’s one. Bulbs, all the 
kinds, like the three onion kinds, and 
maybe uther kinds—roots like the red 
raspberries, that make suckers, and other 
kinds of roots, like potatoes, and then all 
the runners and suckers that Prue calls 
‘bend-overs,’ and slips and grafts and 
buds.’ 
‘ Stuck-ins, nodded the Chief Gardener. 
‘Prue was about right after all, for there 
are so many kinds of each different thing, 
and so many ways, that I am afraid we 
should never remember all the xinds and 
ways, ‘Seeds and roots and bend-overs 
and stuck-ins’ take in about all of them, 
and we are not apt to forget it. If you'll 
come now we'll look at some of the kinds 
of roota.’ 
They went down into the garden, and 
the Chief Gardener opened a hill of 
potatoes that had not been dug. Then 
he picked up one of the potatoes and 
showed it to Davy and Prue 
‘That kind of a root is called a tuber,’ 
15 
he said. ‘Those little spots on it are 
eyes, and make the sprouts, You remem- 
ber we cut the potatoes we planted into 
little pieces, with one eye on each.’ 
‘I remember, and I asked if they had 
eyes so they could see which way to: 
grow,’ said Prue. 
‘The pieces we planted sprouted, and 
kept the sprout growing until it could 
send out roots, Besides the roots there 
were little underground branches, and a 
potato formed on the of each branch. 
When the soil and the season are both 
good there will be a great mauy of these- 
branches and new tubers, but when the: 
soil is posr and the season is bad there 
will be very little beside roots.’ 
The children followed the Chief Gar- 
dener, and dug up a bunch of thick 
dahlia roots, and he told them how these 
were really roots and not tubers like the: 
potatoes. Then he dug up some sweet 
flag, and they saw how the rough root- 
pieces were joined to one another in.a 
sort of chain of roots, and these he told 
them were root-stalks, and that they kept 
a store of nourishment for the new plants. 
in the spring. 
‘There is grass, he said, ‘that has 
such a root, and every time it is cut it 
sends up a new plant, so that every time. 
the farmer tries to get it out of his grain 
field he only makes more plants, unless 
he pulls up every piece aud destroys it. 
You see that grass has to fight to live, 
and it makes one of the best fights of any 
plant I know except the thistle, which 
does much the same thing. And that is 
what all plant life is. It is the struggle 
to live and grow and spread; the stauggle 
with men and animals and heat and cold, 
and with other plants.’ 
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