28 Observations Upon the Morphology of 
Distances measured in metric system. Male. | Female. 
Length of, Keel inistennumen ss...) \tetmeen fesse cae ees 
Greatest depth of keel in sternum.......... .......... 
Total lengthvof stem sas... 2+ sa ieee ee tee a 
Distance between apices of costal processes of sternum.. . 
Distance between tips of outer pair of xiphoidal processes 
Of Sterne... ccs agen seth es. « eee Pee 
Length of os furcula........ PONS.» siemeenidal ecards 
Ibengthiof coracold..o. ouukeee ahs... sa aeae meen ae a 
Teng tof SCHpula. oon sae Heats ow oo ae Ree eres ea 
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Of the Appendicular Skeleton.—The Pectoral Limb.— 
As compared with the rest of the skeleton, the limb-bones 
of domestic species of Gallus have in the various modifica- 
tions that have taken place in time in them, since deviation 
from the bankiva stock first commenced, been of a far less 
profound character ; and that master observer, Darwin, 
says upon this point, that, ‘‘I have carefully compared 
each separate bone of the leg and wing, relatively to the 
same bones in the wild Bankiva, in the following breeds, 
which I thought were the most likely to differ ; namely, in 
Cochin, Dorking, Spanish, Polish, Burmese Bantam, Friz- 
zled Indian, and black-boned Silk Fowls; and it was truly 
surprising to see how absolutely every process, articulation 
and pore agreed, though the bones differed greatly in size. 
The agreement is far more absolute than in other parts of 
the skeleton. In stating this, I do not refer to the relative 
thickness and length of the several bones; for the tarsi 
varied considerably in both these respects: But the other 
limb-bones varied little, even in relative length.” * 
As to the extent they may vary in length and general 
size, I would again invite the reader’s attention to Professor 
Parker’s drawing of the imb-bones of a common barn-yard 
fowl, which may be compared with those [ present with 
this paper (Figs. 17 and 18), as accurate illustrations of the 
corresponding parts in G. bankiva.t 
* Animals and Plants under Domestication. Vol. I., p. 825. N. Y., 1868. 
+ Art. “‘ Birds,” Hacycl. Brit., 9th Ed., Vol. Il1., p. 721, Fig. 38. Similar 
comparisons may also be made for the several bones of the pelvic limb, taking 
