Gallus Bankiva of India. 15 
More delicately constructed, yet agreeing in all essential 
particulars, the “ hyoid arches” of this cock are much as 
we find them in the ruler of the dung-hill, our modern 
rooster, as may be seen by inspecting my drawing of them 
in Fig. 6 of the present paper; and Parker, through his 
many clear descriptions, and more than instructive figures, 
has so impressed the several parts, and the development 
of these ‘‘arches” upon the minds of all who have ever 
looked into such subjects, that further description here, 
beyond my drawing, would indeed be superfluous. 
In the hen of G. bankiva, they agree with the male bird, 
except as I have already indicated, in the point of size, 
being proportionately smaller. 
Upon comparing the skulls of wild and domesticated 
turkeys, in my paper, to which I have already alluded to 
above, I was’ made to say that ‘‘ when we come to 
simply superficially compare the skull of one of these wild 
turkeys with the skull of one of the domesticated ones, we 
appreciate that same difference which we find upon a simi- 
lar comparison to distinguish the skull of a cock G. bankiva 
and any of the typically domesticated fowls. It seems to 
consist in a lightness, a pneumasticity, accompanied by a 
certain sharpness of the details of the skull, an angularity, 
if we may so express it, in the case of the wild bird, as con- 
trasted with an evident thickness and density of the bone, 
together with a general mellowing down of its principal 
edges, producing a certain lack of sharpness in the case of 
the domesticated one.” From a survey of the since- 
acquired material, I am prepared to say that these remarks 
and conclusions are quite as true to-day as the day they 
were written, over a year ago. Moreover, I predict that 
if complete measurements of the brain-case and the s7ze of 
the brain are ever made for a series of adult males of the 
wild Gallus bankiva, and compared with similar data 
obtained from a like series of domestic fowls of correspond- 
ing general proportions, that the average size of the brain 
in the former will be greater than the average size of the 
brain in the latter, all else being equal. From this I mean 
to say that I firmly believe that our domesticated varieties 
of fowls have deteriorated mentally since the days they 
