10 Observations Upon the Morphology of 
size of the skull in the male, a matter we will deal with 
further on by presenting tables of measurements of these 
and other parts. It is this region that mounds up and 
exhibits those extraordinary perforations in the domestic 
variety known as the Polish Fowl, and which supports 
those curious bony protuberances in the Horned Fowl, an 
other variety, the product of man’s selective development. * 
A great authority says, in alluding to such monstrosities 
as compared with the characteristics of normal skulls in 
his review of this part of the avian skeleton in general, 
that ‘‘the spherical bony cyst above the fore-part of the 
cranium in a variety of common fowl be omitted, though 
this, like the stunted mandibles of some varieties of pigeon, 
may rather rank among the phenomena of pathology.’’t 
Turning now to the lateral aspect of our skull of Gallus 
bankiva (Fig. 2), I find that Ihave above already sufficiently 
dwelt upon the premaxillary, nasal, and lacrymal elements, 
and we now have brought fully into view the unusually 
delicate, zygoma of this fowl, connecting the quadrate 
with the nasal bones. By the aid of a lens the fine sutural 
traces upon it showing the landmarks among the quadrato- 
jugal, jugal, and maxillary divisions, can yet be made out 
in the skulls of these adult birds. 
The peripheral margin of the orbit is seen to be almost a 
sub-circular arc, as it sweeps from the lacrymal bone to the 
extremity of the sphenotic process, while its edge is found 
to be finely serrated for its posterior moiety. Large and 
capacious, the external osseous ear-conch is of an elliptical 
outline, permitting a plain view of its base, where exist 
those several small perforations which lead to the middle 
or internal ear, as well as the larger Kustachian opening, 
situated anterior to them. Above and in front of this 
aural aperture, we are to observe the two lateral processes, 
* Darwin, CH. ‘‘Animals and Plants under Domestication,” Vol. I., p. 
820, Fig, 36. 
+ Owen, Str Ricwarp. ‘‘ Comparative Anatomy and Physiology of Verte- 
brates,” Vol. II., p. 65, London, 1866. In this connection see, also, Teget- 
meier, P. Z.S , Nov., 1856; and Il. Gkorrrey Sr. Hinarre, ‘‘ Hist. Gen. des 
Anomalies.” Tom. I., p. 287; also, M. C. Darnstn, ‘‘ Recherches sur les Con- 
ditions de la Vie,” etc., Lille, 1863, p. 36. 
