165 
with maize or sorghum, it was nob so bad. Cow pea should be sown in the 
spring, as it was a plant that loved and required hot weather. Plant in drills 
it the crop was required for seed; but if it was desired to smother weeds or to 
plough the vines under, sow broadeast. About a bushel of seed was required 
to plant an acre. 
Mr. Manon stated that it was very seldom that Swede turnips tainted 
milk, and even then it was got over if the milk was properly acrated. In New 
Zealand a large amount of Swedes were used for dairy stock, and it was the 
same in Victoria. In the latter place he had never had any experience of 
butter being tainted by cows being fed on this crop. In this connection 
Professor Surnron said that lucerne and many other fodders were-apt to impart 
a flavour to milk if the cows were fed at the wrong time. Such substances 
should always be fed after milking, and not before, and if this was done no 
evil effect would be noticed. When saying—do not fecd these forages before 
milking, he meant about an hour before. There was no objection to let the 
cows eat them while they were being milked. 
Mr. T'ityyye mentioned cotton-sced meal as a cattle feed, and pointed out 
that ib was a local product that could be obtained very reasonably at Ipswich. 
In America it was used to a very great extent. A large amount of bran was 
sold in Queensland at from £5 to £6 per ton, and this cotton-seed meal could 
be purchased at about £3 per ton, uthough it was said there was twice the 
nutriment in the meal that there was in the bran. Cotton-seed meal, if not 
used in too large quantities, was excellent to mix with other foods for dairy 
cows. ‘The best results were obtained when about 1 Ib. per day was given to 
“each cow, a greater quantity affecting the texture, and perhaps the colour, of 
the resultant butter. He specially mentioned it to them, as it was a farmer's 
product well worthy of a trial, and he might add that he had used it himself 
with satisfactory effects. Mr. Thynne also- stated that he hoped to see 
established in Queensland a proper dairy school, in which not only would be 
done the ordinary work of creameries and butter-making, but in which also 
would be giver practical instruction in the whole business of dairy farming. He 
trusted to see where they now were, the commencement of a model dairy farm, 
where young, and doubtless old, could get information and instruction in that 
particular branch of farming. He referred to this, as he believed one of the 
difficulties of dairying in the colony was that of getting competent and reliable 
men for their creameries and factories, and he hoped that before long none but 
those who had gone through a proper course of dairy instruction would be 
accepted by farmers as fit to take charge of butter works and creameries. ; 
Mr. J. Leny (Ingham) stated that in the North it was considered that 
butter from the South of Queensland was generally superior to butter imported 
from New South Wales and other southern colonies, 
This concluded the discussion, 
Mr. EB. Swayne (Pioneer River Tarmers’ 
Association, Mackay) then read 
the following paper on 
BARMERS’ ASSOCIATIONS, 
Iv is not until an endeavour is made to bring tl 
single paper that the magnitude and iinportance of the subjects included under 
the above heading are realised, for in farmers’ associations and their outeome— 
co-operation for the attainment of objects of mutual benefit—lic the means by 
which the cost of production and of sale of crops can be lessened, common 
interests protected, desired legislation procured, and useful information 
obtained and disseminated. In short, it is a lever capable, if properly used, 
of raising the agriculturist from the position of having to work-the longest 
hours for the most meagre recompense of any class in the community, to one 
in which he will receive a fair return for the risks he takes. Unfortunately, 
as a class we seem to be the last to realise that in unity is strength, and this 
apathy on our part seems difficult to account for when the possibilities for 
good are so apparent. But it is encouraging to note that in nearly every 
M 
hem within the scope of a 
