306 QUEENSLAND AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL. [1 Oor., 1897. 
in many places, it has been taken as a model for the establishment of similar 
institutions. Add to this that the company, from its very beginning, has never 
paid more than 5 per cent. profits, but has used everything above that amount 
towards increasing the business and disposing of the milk, partly gratis, partly 
at reduced prices to hospitals and kindred institutions and to the poor, 
then it may be safely said that seldom has private effort yielded more 
admirable fruits in the interest of health than those which owe their origin to 
the Copenhagen Milk Supply Company. 
The milk comes from the farmers in cans holding just 1 ewt., and the 
farmers receive an average of 64d. per gallon for milk the year round. The 
price the company gets for it is 10d. for whole milk, 5d. for half skim, and the 
infant’s milk is charged at 1s. The milk is not put through a separator in 
order to get cream, but is set under the deep-pan system, during which no less 
than 8,000 tons of natural ice is used annually. In skimming the milk, from 4 
to 1 per cent. of fat is left in it. These particulars were given by Mr. Buseck, 
who also, in answer toa question, said that the average rent of land in Denmark 
was 20s. per acre, and that the very best often made 30s. The bottling of the 
milk isa simple process, and altogether some 8,000 of cream and 38,000 of _ 
milk are filled per day. This work is mostly done by women. When there is 
milk which is not up to the standard, it is made into butter or cheese, after 
being pasteurised. ‘The butter is sent out in nice dishes, and the skim milk is ° 
made into cheese for the local market. 
The party inspected the works of the Scandinavian Preserved Butter Com- 
pany at Copenhagen. Here butter is received in 1-cwt. barrels from the 
farmers, and on its arrival it is taken out and washed on the outside to remoye 
any salt, and scraped. 1t is then put into the worker, a little salt added, and 
worked until it is free from butter-milk. It is then pressed into 1-Ib. or 3-lb. 
tins, soldered up, lacquered, and labelled, and packed up in cases for export. 
During the year about 1,000,000 tons of butter is packed in this establishment. 
Some farmers send no less than 50 or 100 barrels weekly, and nota few contrive, 
by the timely breeding of their cows in the autumn, to send in more butter in 
the winter than in the summer. It was stated that the butter was slightly 
coloured artificially by the farmer, but that there was no blending of butter: 
each farmer’s butter was kept separate, and by selection they were enabled to 
keep uniform quality in two different qualities. In winter the butter is from 
sweet cream. The company was established. thirty-five years ago, and it has 
had a good run of business, which continues now, although the effect of 
opposition is felt. 
The appointment of dairy experts is acknowledged to have been a step in 
the right direction for the rapidly increasing development of the dairy industry, 
and the dissemination of experience from one place to another. ‘To act ina 
similar way as the dairy expert appointed by the Royal Agricultural Society, 
three consulting dairy experts were appointed by the State during the years 
1888-9, and in 1896 ‘a fourth, these four having the country divided between 
them. Any dairy or agricultural society can call in their assistance for one or 
more days, by merely paying their travelling expenses. These dairy experts, 
paid by the State, have done a great deal of good by visiting dairies where the 
quality of the butter was unsatisfactory, and advising how to improve it; by 
imparting information as to improved methods; by acting as judges at butter 
shows; and by reading papers at the many shows held by agricultural 
societies in different parts of the country. The State has furthermore 
appointed an engineer, whom the dairies can consult as to the use of machinery, 
and especially as to the use of steam power. His whole time is taken up by 
this consulting work, his endeavours being specially directed towards effecting 
greater economy in coal consumption. Competent yeterinary surgeons have 
been appointed to act as consulting experts in the breeding of cattle and pigs, 
and experts have also been appointed abroad to study questions concerning the 
transport of and trade in agricultural produce. 
