414 QUEENSLAND AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL. [1 Nov., 1897. 
The following are Mr. Frost’s instructions for preparing the fat:—Take 
12 Ib. of fresh lard and 12 lb. of fresh beef kidney fat; melt down ina copper 
vessel over a slow fire with half a pint of water to prevent burning; strain 
through a fine cloth into another vessel, and remove the dirt by scraping; then 
re-melt the fat with twelve cloves in a water bath. Have a vessel of water 
containing two gallons in which 1 oz. alum has been dissolved from the melted 
fat into the water, and remove the dirt by scraping. Then take the fat and 
re-melt it with twelve more cloves in a water bath. When melted, pour again 
into twelve gallons of water in which i oz. alum has been dissolved, and scrape 
again free of dirt. Re-melt the fat again the same as before in water bath, and 
* pour it into clean water and remove any remaining dirt. It is then ready to be 
placed into jars to be used when wanted. It is best to paste paper over the 
jars to keep them air-tight. 
Care has to be taken in preparing the fat, for unless it is of good quality 
and free from all animal odour the perfume will be inferior. 
How to Plant the Lavender.—Mr. Frost's method is to take the young 
growth in the spring about 3 inches long, and with a sharp knife cut a small 
piece of old wood to form a heel to the slip, which is then planted in nursery 
rows 4 inches apart in fine sandy loam, pressing the soil firmly around the base, 
watering carefully and shading from the sun until growth is established. 
During the summer the tips are pinched back in order to form strong, stocky 
plants and prevent flowering. In thefollowing autumn, in June, they may be 
planted out into the permanent plantations, 3 feet apart each way. The 
following summer the flowers can be cut for perfume. 
ORIGIN OF THE COW-PHA. 
Havine been asked on several occasions what is the origin of the cow-pea 
and of the name applied to the plant, we have received the following notes on 
the matter from Mr. F. M. Bailey, Government Botanist :— 
It may (he says) be an American name given because cows are fed upon 
the plant; but more probably it is from ‘‘ Chowlee,” one of the names by which 
Vigna Catiang is known in India. In China the plant is said to be called 
“Tow-Cok.”? In South Africa the name given.to the plant is “ Caffre-bean,” 
according to Mr. Burchall. Baron von Mueller gives “ Cherry-bean” and 
“ Cow-pea”’ as vernacular names for the plant. The name “ Vigna”’ is in honour 
of Dominic Vigni, a commentator on Theophrastus. 
Baker, in Hooker’s Flora of British India, gives the following concise 
description of the species :— 
Vigna Catiang, Endl. Low and suberect (V. Catiang) or tall and 
voluble (V. sinensis), always glabrous or nearly so. Stipules 4-3-in. long, 
attached and persistent as in Phaseolus. Leaflets membranous, 8-6 in. long, 
acute, very variable in shape, broad or narrow, ovate or ovate-rhomboidal, with 
the two sides below the middle prolonged into obtuse lobes. Peduncles often 
exceeding the leaves, 3-6 flowered, pedicels very short. Calyx glabrous, under 
}-in.; teeth lanceolate or deltoid-cuspidate. Corolla yellow or reddish, twice 
the calyx. Pod in some of the cultivated forms 1-2 ft. long, under 4-in. broad, 
edible; seeds 10-20, 
Syn.: Dolichos Oatiang, Linn. ; D. sinensis, Linn. ; Vigna sinensis, Endl. ; 
Dolichos tranquebaricus, Jacq.; D. monachalis, Brot. 
Hab.: Native or cultivated in tropical zone. Some think the plant of Malay origin, 
CO-OPERATION IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 
Tue South Australian Farmers’ Co-operative Union, which was started at 
Jamestown some nine years ago with fifty shareholders, holding not more 
than 1,500 shares of £1 each, has progressed very satisfactorily of late years, 
notwithstanding adverse circumstances. In 1893, after a little more than four 
years’ work, the company had between 300 and 400 shareholders, with shares 
to the value of £8,000, and on this their turnover was nearly £90,000 for the 
