18 INTRODUCTION. 
Order 5. Physophoride.—Ex. Portuguese Man-of-War (Physalia). 
Sub-class III. DiscopHoRA (Jelly-fish). 
Order 6. Meduside.—Ex. Trachynema. 
Sub-class [V. LUCERNARIDA (Sea-blubbers). 
Order 7. Lucernariade.—Ex. Lucernaria. 
Order 8. FPelagide.—L£x. Pelagia. 
Order 9. Rhizostomide.—Ex. Rhizostoma. 
Sub-class V. GRAPTOLITID& (extinct). 
Crass B. ACTINOZOA.— Stomach opening below into the body-cavity, 
which is divided into a eld of compartments by a series of vertical 
partitions or ‘‘mesenteries.” Reproductive organs internal. 
Order 1. Zoantharia.—Tentacles simply rounded, in multiples of 
five or six.--£x. Sea-anemones (Actinidee), Star- 
corals (Astreeidee), Brain-corals (Meandrina), Madre- 
pores (Madreporidez). 
Order 2. Alcyonaria.—Tentacles fringed, in multiples of four.—Zx, 
Dead-man’s-toes (Alcyonium), Organ-pipe Coral (Tubi- 
pora), Sea-rods (Virgularia), Sea-pens , (Pennatula), 
Red Coral (Corallium). 
Order 3. Azugosa (extinct). 
Order 4. Ctenophora.—Animal oceanic, swimming by means of 
bands of cilia or ‘‘ ctenophores.”—Zx. Pleurobrachia, 
Venus’s Girdle (Cestum). 
SuB-KiInGpoM III.—ANNULOIDA. 
Animals in which the alimentary canal is completely shut off from the 
_ general cavity of the body, and in which there is a distinct nervous 
system. A true blood-circulatory system may or may not be present. 
In all there is a peculiar system of canals, which usually communicate 
with the exterior, and which constitute what is called the ‘‘ water- 
vascular system.” The body of the adult is never composed of a suc- 
cession of definite rings, or provided with successive pairs of appendages 
disposed symmetrically on the two sides of the body. 
The Annuloida are divided into two great classes :-— 
A. ECHINODERMATA.—Integument composed of numerous calcare- 
ous plates jointed together, or leathery and having grains, spines, or 
tubercles of calcareous matter developed in it. WW atex-vasculat ‘system 
(ambulacral system) mostly employed in locomotion, and generally 
communicating with the exterior. Adult generally more or less star-like 
or ‘‘radiate” in shape ; young mostly showing more or less complete 
‘bilateral symmetry,”’—that is, showing similar parts on the two sides 
of the body. Nervous system radiate. 
Order I. Crinotdea (Sea-lilies).— Hx. Feather - star (Comatula). 
Medusa-head Crinoid (Pentacrinus), Stone-lily (En- 
crinus. ) 
Order 2. Blastoidea (extinct). 
