ORDERS OF INSECTS. 167 
obtained the brilliant pigment carmine. The male insect is 
winged, and is smaller than the female, which is wingless. 
They live upon different species of Cactus (Opuntia), and are 
mainly imported from Mexico, Algeria, and the Canary Eland, 
Numerous species of Aphzdes or Plant-lice (fig. 81) are 
known, and they are among the greatest pests of the gar- 
dener and farmer, as they are extraordinarily prolific, and live 
upon the juices of plants. One of the most curious points 
about the Plant-lice is that they secrete a sweet and sticky 
fluid; which is expelled from the body by two little tubular 
filaments placed near the end of the abdomen. Ants are 
excessively fond of this fluid, and hunt after Apfzdes in all 
directions in order to obtain it ; and it is a well-established fact 
that the Plant-lice are actually 
pleased with this, and voluntarily 
yield up the coveted fluid to the 
importunity of the ants. 
ORDER V. ORTHOPTERA.—The 
mouth in this order is strictly mas- 
ticatory ; there are four wings pre- 
sent, but the anterior pair is smaller 
than the posterior, and of a differ- 
ent texture. The posterior wings 
are membranous and are folded 
lengthwise, like a fan ; the anterior 
wings are leathery, and constitute 
cases for the posterior wings (ely- 
tra). This order includes the 
Crickets (Achefina\, Grasshoppers 
(Grytlina), Locusts (Locustina), 
Cockroaches (Blattina, fig. 82), and 
others. Some of them are formed 
for running, all the legs being nearly 
equal in size ; others have the first 
pair of legs greatly developed, and f 
constituting powerful organs of pres # 
hension : whilst others, Sitch wecthes Fig. 82.—Orthoptera. The com- 
mon Cockroach (Blatta . orien- 
Locusts and Grasshoppers, have the ais), male and female. 
hindmost pair of legs much longer than the others, giving them 
a considerable power of leaping. All the Orthopiera are extremely 
