328 VERTEBRATE ANIMALS. 
Northern Europe, Asia, and North America; the Red Deer 
(Cervus elaphus, fig. 177) of Europe; the Wapiti (C. Cawaden- 
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big. 177.—Cervide. Head of Stag (Cervus elaphits). 
sis) of Canada ; and the Roebuck (Capreolus caprea) of N orth- 
ern Europe. 
Of the Giraffes or Camelopardalide there is only a single living 
species, exclusively confined to the African continent. Both 
sexes have two pairs of short horns, carried on the forehead ; but 
these are persistent, and are covered with a hairy skin. The 
neck is extremely long, and the fore-legs much longer than the 
hind-legs. It is the largest of living Ruminants, and measures 
as much as from fifteen to eighteen feet in height. 
The Cavicornia or HHollow-horned Ruminants comprise the 
Oxen, Sheep, Goats, and Antelopes, and are characterised by 
having horns, which may be present in one or both sexes, and 
consist of a horny sheath surrounding a central bony axis, or 
“horn-core.” The horns are persistent, and are not periodically 
shed, and there is usually only a single pair, though sometimes 
there are two pairs. In their dentition, and in other respects, 
