ORDERS OF MAMMALIA. 331 
species living. One of these is the African Elephant, which is 
distinguished by its convex forehead and great flapping ears ; 
the other is the Indian Elephant, which has a concave forehead 
and small ears. The Proboscidea are characterised by having 
the nose prolonged into a cylindrical trunk or proboscis, at the 
extremity of which the nostrils are placed (fig. 147, 7). The 
trunk is extremely flexible and highly sensitive, and terminates 
in a finger-like prehensile lobe. There are no canine teeth ; 
the molars are few in number, large, and transversely ridged, 
or furnished with tubercles. In the living forms there are no 
lower incisors, but the upper incisors are two in number, grow 
from a permanent pulp, and constitute enormous tusks (fig. 147, 
i). In some of the extinct forms there are two tusk-like lower 
incisors, and sometimes both the lower and upper incisors are 
developed into tusks. The feet are furnished with five toes 
each, but these are only partially indicated externally by the 
divisions of the hoof. The animal walks upon thick pads of 
integument, which constitute the soles of the feet. . 
The Indian Elephant inhabits India and the Indian Archi- 
pelago, and has five hoofs on the fore-feet, but only four on the 
hind-feet. Like the Ceylon Elephant, which is a mere variety, 
the males alone possess well-developed tusks. The African 
Elephant has four hoofs on the fore-feet, and only three on 
the hind feet, while it is smaller and darker in colour than the 
Indian species. Both sexes also possess tusks, though those 
of the males are largest. All the Elephants feed upon vege- 
table matter. 
Though there are now but two living species of Elephant, 
there is no doubt but that some of the fossil forms have died 
out since the appearance of man upon the globe. Of these, the 
best known is the Mammoth, frozen carcases of which have been 
found in the icy wilds of Siberia. 
ORDER IX. CARNIVORA.—The ninth order of Mammals is 
that of the Carnivora or Beasts of Prey, comprising the Lions, 
Tigers, Wolves, Dogs, Cats, Hyznas, Seals, Walruses, &c. The 
Carnivora are distinguished by possessing two sets of teeth, 
which are simply enamelled, and are always of three kinds, 
incisors, canines, and molars, differing from one another in size 
and shape. The incisor teeth are generally six in each jaw ; 
the canines are always two in each jaw, and are much longer 
