344 VERTEBRATE ANIMALS. 
Africa and Asia. The most typical forms of the section are the 
Semnopitheci and Macaques of Asia. Less typical are the Ba- 
boons, which inhabit Africa, and are amongst the most repul- 
sive of all the Quadrumana. In these the tail is always short, 
and often quite rudimentary. The head is large, and the muzzle 
greatly prolonged, having the nostrils at its extremity. More 
than any other of the Monkeys they employ the fore-limbs in 
terrestrial progression, running upon all fours with the greatest 
ease, 
The third family of the Catarhine Monkeys is that of the Az- 
thropotd Apes, so called from their making a nearer approach 
to man in anatomical structure than is the case with any other 
Mammal. The Anthropoid Apes are distinguished by having 
no tail nor cheek-pouches. The hind-limbs are short—shorter 
than the fore-limbs—and the animal can progress in an erect 
or semi-erect posture. At the same time the hind- feet are 
strictly prehensile, since the thumbs are opposable to the other 
toes. The canine teeth of the males are very long, strong, and 
pointed, but this is not the case in the females. 
In this tribe are the Gibbons, the Chimpanzee, the Orang- 
outang, and the Gorilla. The Gibbons form the genus y/odates, 
and they belong to Asia, India, and the Indian Archipelago. 
The anterior limbs in these monkeys are extremely long, and 
the hands nearly or quite touch the ground when the animal 
stands erect. The Orang-outang (.Szwza) has no cheek-pouches, 
and the hips are covered with hair. The arms are of excessive 
length, and the hind-legs very short. When young, the head of 
the Orang-outang is not very different from that of a child, but 
as the animal grows, the bones of the face gradually lengthen, 
whilst the skull remains much about the same; great bony 
ridges are developed for the attachment of the muscles which 
act upon the jaws; the incisors project ; the canine teeth of the 
males become long and pointed, till ultimately the muzzle be- 
comes as pronounced and well-marked as in the Carnivorous 
animals (fig.188, A). The best-known speciesof Orang is the Szmza 
Satyrus, which inhabits Sumatra, Borneo, and the other larger 
islands of the Indian Archipelago ; but there are probably other 
species or varieties. The Chimpanzee and Gorilla both belong 
to Africa, and form the genus 7voglodytes. ‘The Chimpanzee is 
a native of Western Africa, and has the arms much shorter pro- 
portionately than in the Gibbons and Orangs. Still they are 
