ORDERS OF MAMMALIA. 347 
Order 1. Labyrinthodontia Ex. Labyrinthodon. 
Order 2. Ophiomorpha.—ELx. Cecilia. 
Order 3. lchthyomorpha or Urodelan—Ex. Newts. 
Order 4. Zheriomorpha or Anoura—Ex, Frogs and Toads. 
SECTION B, SAUROPSIDA :— 
Cuass III. RepTiLiA.—Respiration aerial, never by gills ; pulmonary 
and systemic circulations always connected together, either within the 
heart itself, or in its immediate neighbourhood ; blood cold ; skull with 
one condyle; integumentary covering in the form of scales or plates, 
and never in the form of feathers. . 
Order 1. Chelonia.—Ex. Tortoises and Turtles. 
Order 2. Ophidia.—Ex. Vipers, Boas, Rattlesnakes. 
Order 3. Lacertilia.—Ex. Lizards, Geckos, Monitors. 
Order 4. Crocodilia.—Ex. Crocodiles and Alligators, 
Order 5. Lchthyopterygia.—Ex, Ichthyosaurus. 
Order 6. Sauropterygia.—E£x. Plesiosaurus. 
Order 7. Pterosauria.—Lx. Pterodactyle. 
Order 8. Anomodontia. 
Order 9. Deinosauria. 
CLass IV. Aves (Brrps).—Respiration aerial ; lungs connected with 
air-sacs ; heart four-chambered ; blood warm; integumentary covering 
in the form of feathers ; fore-limbs converted into wings; animal ovi- 
parous ; skull with one condyle. 
Order 1. WMatatores (Swinmers).—Lx. Ducks, Geese, Penguins, 
Gulls, Petrels. 
Order 2. Grallatores (Waders).—Ex. Rails, Cranes, Herons, 
Snipes, Curlews, Plovers. 
Order 3. Cursores (Runners).—Lx. Ostrich, Emeu, Cassowary, 
Apteryx. 
Order 4. Rasores (Scratchers) —Ex. Grouse, Pheasants, Pea- 
fowl, Common Fowl, Pigeons. 
Order 5. Scansores (Climbers)—Lx. Parrots, Cuckoos, Wood- 
peckers. 
Order 6. Lmsessores (Perchers),—Lx. Crows, Finches, Linnets, 
Larks, Shrikes, Thrushes, Humming-Birds, Swai- 
lows, Swifts, King-fishers. 
Order 7. Raptores (Birds of Prey) —Ex. Owls, Hawks, Buz- 
zards, Eagles, Vultures. 
Order 8. Saurure.—£x. Archeopteryx. 
SECTION C. MAMMALIA :— 
Crass V. MAMMALIA.—Respiration aerial ; lungs not connected with 
air-sacs ; heart four-chambered ; blood warm ; integumentary covering 
