GLOSSARY. 351 
lusca, from the resemblance of the body in many cases to a two-necked 
jar. 
AspxuaL. Applied to modes of reproduction in which the sexes are not 
concerned (¢.g., gemmation and fission). 
ASTEROIDEA (Gr. aster, a star; and etdos, form). An order of Hchinoder- 
mata, comprising the Star-fishes, characterised by their rayed form. 
ASTOMATOUS (Gr. @, without ; stoma, mouth). Not possessing a mouth. 
ATRIUM (Lat. a hall). Applied to the large chamber or “‘ cloaca,” into 
which the intestine opens in the 7'unicata. 
AURICLE (Lat. auricula, a little ear). Applied to the cavity of the heart 
which drives the blood into the ventricle. 
AVES (Lat. avis, a bird). The class of the Birds. 
BaLancers. The knobbed filaments which represent the posterior pair of 
wings in Dipterous Insects ; also called “‘ poisers.” 
BALANIDA (Gr. balanos, an acorn) A family of Cirripedia, commonly 
spoken of as ‘* Acorn-shells.”’ 
BALEEN (Lat. balena,a whale). The horny plates which are placed in the 
upper surface of the mouth of the true or ‘‘ whalebone” Whales, 
BATRACHIA (Gr. batrachos, afrog), Generally applied loosely to any of the 
Amphibia ; but sometimes used to designate either the entire class of 
the Amphibians or the single order of the Anoura. 
BiFID. Cleft into two parts; forked. 
BIMANA (Lat. bis, twice ; manus, hand). The order of Mammalia consti- 
tuted by Man alone. 
BIVALVE (Lat. bis, twice ; valve, folding-doors). Composed of two plates 
of valves; applied to the shell of the Lamelhibranchiata and Brachio- 
poda, and to the carapace of certain Crustacea. 
BLASTOIDEA (Gr. blastos, a bud ; eidos, form). An extinct order of Echi- 
nodermata, often called Pentremites. 
BRACHIOPODA (Gr. brachion, the arm; odes, feet). A class of the lower 
Mollusca, often called ‘‘ Lamp-shells,” characterised by having two 
fleshy ciliated ‘‘ arms ” attached to the sides of the mouth. 
BRACHYURA (Gr. brachus, short; oura, tail). A tribe of Decapod Crusta- 
ceans with short tails ; commonly known as Crabs. 
Bract. Overlapping appendages or plates which protect the polypites in 
many of the Oceanic Hydrozoa. 
BRANCHIA (Gr. bragchia, the gill of a fish). A respiratory organ adapted 
for breathing air dissolved in water. 
BRANCHIATE. Possessing gills. 
BRONCHI (Gr. brogchos, the wind-pipe). The branches of the wind-pipe 
(trachea) by which the air is conveyed to the lungs. 
Brura (Lat. brutus, heavy, stupid). Sometimes used to designate the 
Mammalian order of the Hdentata. ; 
Buccat (Lat. bucca, mouth or cheeks). Connected with the mouth or 
cheeks. 
Byssus (Gr. bussos, flax), The silky threads by which many bivalve Mol- 
luses (such as the Mussels) attach themselves to foreign objects. 
CADUCIBRANCHIATE (Lat. caducus, falling off ; Gr. bragchia, gills). Ap- 
plied to those Amphibians in which the gills fall off before maturity is 
reached (e.9., Newts and Frogs). ; : 
Cmca (Lat. cecus, blind), Terminating blindly, or in a closed extremity. 
Cacum (Lat. cecus), A tube which ends in a blind extremity. 
CALCAREOUS (Lat. calx, lime). Composed of carbonate of lime. 
Cauicy. The little cup in which the polype of acoral-producing Zoophyte 
(Actinozodn) is contained. 
