356 GLOSSARY. 
Femur. The thigh-bone, intervening between the pelvis and the bones 
of the leg proper (tibia and fibula). 
FIBULA (Lat. a brooch), The outermost of the two bones of the leg in 
the higher Vertebrata. 
Fission (Lat. findo, I cleave). Multiplication by means of a process of 
self-division. 
FISSIROSTRES (Lat. jissus, cleft; rostrum, beak). A sub-order of the 
perching birds, in which the beak can be opened to a great width. 
FLAGELLUM (Lat. a whip). The whip-like appendages of certain Infusoria ; 
thence called “‘ Flagellate.” 
Foor. The muscular organ developed on the under surface of the body 
in the higher Mollusca, and subserving locomotion. 
Foot-saws. The limbs of Crustacea, which are so modified as to subserve 
mastication. 
Foot-TUBERCLES. The unjointed lateral appendages of the Annelida, 
which subserve locomotion, but are not articulated to the body. 
FORAMINIFERA (Lat. foramen, an aperture; fero, 1 carry). An order of 
Protozoa, usually characterised by having a shell perforated by numer- 
ous holes or ‘‘ foramina,” through which the pseudopodia are emitted. 
FRUGIVOROUS (Lat. frua, fruit; voro, I devour). Living upon fruits. 
FUNNEL. The stomach-sac of the Ctenophora ; the muscular tube of the 
Cuttle-fishes by which the water filling the mantle-cavity is ejected. 
Fourcutum (Lat. diminutive of furca, a fork). The V-shaped bone or 
“‘ merry-thought ” of birds, formed by the united clavicles. 
GALLINACEI (Lat. gallina, a fowl). Often applied to the entire order of 
the Rasorial Birds, but properly restricted to that section of the Rasores 
of which the common fowl is a typical example. 
GANGLION (Gr. gagylion, a knot). A mass of nervous matter containing 
. herve-cells, and giving origin to nerve-fibres. 
GANOID (Gr. ganos, splendour ; eidos, form). Applied to those scales of 
fishes which are composed of bone, with an outer layer of polished 
enamel. 
GANOIDEI. An order of fishes, now mostly extinct. 
GASTEROPODA (Gr. gaster, belly ; odes, feet). The class of the Mollusca 
comprising the ordinary univalves, in which locomotion is usually 
effected by creeping about on a flattened ‘‘ foot.” 
GEMMATION (Lat. gemma, a bud), The production of fresh structures by 
a process of budding. 
GEPHYREA (Gr. gephura, a bridge). A class of the Anarthropoda. 
GizzARD. A muscular division of the stomach in insects, birds, &c. 
GONOPHORE (Gr. gonos, offspring ; phero, I bear). The generative buds, 
or receptacles of the reproductive elements, in the Hydrozoa, whether 
these become detached or not. 
GONOSOME (Gr. gonos, offspring ; soma, body). Applied collectively to the 
'_ assemblage of the reproductive buds of any Hydrozoén. 
GRALLATORES (Lat. gralle, stilts). The order of the wading birds. 
GRANIVOROUS (Lat. granum, a grain or seed; voro, I devour). Living 
upon grains or other seeds. . 
GRAPTOLITIDA (Gr. grapho, I write; lithos, stone). An extinct sub-class 
of the Hydrozoa. 
GREGARINIDA (Lat. gregarius, occurring in numbers together), A class of 
the Protozoa. ; 
GuLLEr. The tube which leads from the throat to the stomach. 
Haman (Gr, hatima, blood), Connected with the blood-vessels, or with 
the circulatory system, 
