GLOSSARY, 363 
Ehrenberg to the Jnfusoria, under the belief that they possessed many 
stomachs, 
PouypaRy. ‘The hard chitinous covering secreted by many of the Hydro- 
200. 
POLYPE (Gr. polus, many ; pous, foot). Restricted in modern usage to the 
single individual of a simple Actinozoén, or to the separate zodids of a 
compound Actinozoon. 
POLYPIDE. The separate zodid of a Polyzoén. 
PoLyPIDoM. Synonymous with polypary, but often applied to the Poly- 
coda, as well as to the Hydrozoa. 
Potypirz, The separate zodid of a Hydrozodn. 
POLYTHALAMOUS (polus, many ; thalamos, chamber). Many-chambered. 
Applied to the shells of Foraminifera and Cephalopoda. 
PoLyzoa (Gr. polus, many ; zodn, animal). The Sea-mosses and Sea-mats, 
forming the lowest class of the Mollusca. 
PREMOLARS (Lat. pre, before; molares, grinders), The molar teeth 
which succeed the molars of the milk set of teeth. 
PRH-GSOPHAGEAL, Situated in front of the gullet. 
PROBOSCIDEA (Lat. proboscis, the snout). The order of Mammals com- 
prising the Elephants. 
ProcaLous (Gr. pro, front; kotlos, hollow). Applied to vertebre, the 
bodies of which are hollow or concave in front. 
i eee \(Gr. protos, first; phyton, plant). The lowest division of 
plants. 
PROTOPLASM (Gr. protos, first ; plasso, I mould). The elementary basis of 
organised tissues. Sometimes used as identical with the ‘‘sarcode” of 
the Protozoa. 
PROTOZOA (Gr. protos, first; zodn, animal). The lowest division of the 
animal kingdom. 
PROXIMAL (Lat. i:proximus, next). The slowly-growing, comparatively 
fixed extremity of a limb or of an organism. 
PSALTERIUM (Lat. a stringed instrument). The third stomach of the 
Ruminants. 
PSEUDOHZMAL (Gr. pseudos, false; haima, blood). The vascular system 
of the Annelida. 
PsEUDO-HEARTS. Contractile cavities connected with the reproductive 
system of the Brachiopoda. 
PSEUDOPODIA (Gr. pseudos, false ; podes, feet). The temporary extensions 
of the body-substance which are put forth by the Rhizopoda at will, 
and which serve both for locomotion and for prehension. 
PTEROPODA (Gr. pteron, a wing; podes, feet). A class of Mollusca swim- 
ming by means of fins attached to the sides of the head. 
PTEROSAURIA (Gr. pteron, a wing; saura, a lizard). An extinct order of 
reptiles. 
Pannen as (Lat. pulmo, a lung). Connected with the lungs. 
PULMONATE. Possessing lungs. 
Pura (Lat. a doll). The state of metamorphosis of an insect immediately 
preceding its appearance in a perfect condition. In this state the insect 
is very often motionless, and is often called a ‘‘ chrysalis. 
Pynorus (Gr. puloros, a gatekeeper). The valvular aperture between 
the stomach and the commencement of the intestine. 
QUADRUMANA (Lat. guatuor, four; manus, hand). The order of Mammalia 
comprising the Monkeys, Baboons, Lemurs, &c. 
QUADRUMANOUS. Four-handed. 
RADIATA (Lat. radius, a ray). Formerly applied to a large number of 
