376 Observations on the 
Sixty years since, the proportion between the Whites 
and Blacks, bond and free, was 4°2 to 1. In 1850 it was 
5°26 to 1, and the ratio in favour of the former race is in- 
creasing. Had the Blacks increased as fast as the Whites 
during these 60 years, their numbers would have been 
4,657,239; so that, in comparison with the Whites, they 
haye lost in this period 1,035,340. 
This disparity is much more than accounted for by 
European emigration to the United States. The gain of the 
White population from this source is estimated by Dr. 
Chickering at 8,922,152. Prior to 1820 no reliable record 
was kept of the number of emigrants into the United 
States. 
Dr. Chickering assumes that of the 6,481,088 inhabitants 
of the United States in 1820, 1,480,906 were foreigners 
arriving subsequent to 1790, or the descendants of such. 
According to Dr. Seybert, an earlier writer upon “ Statis- 
tics,” the number of foreign passengers from 1790 to 1810 
was 120,000; and upon other evidence it appeared that 
the number of arrivals from 1810 to 1820 was 114,000. 
These estimates make for the thirty years preceding 1820, 
234,000. 
From 1820 to 1830 there arrived 185,986 foreign pas- 
sengers; and from 1830 to 1840, 539,370; making for 
the twenty years 715,356. During this period also a lurge 
number of emigrants from England, Scotland, and Treland 
came into the United States through Canada who were 
altogether omitted from the official returns; but as, during 
the same period, a considerable number of these entered are 
supposed to have landed at New York with the purpose of 
pursuing their route to Canada, it is probable that these 
relatiyely are about evenly balanced. 
