1 Jan., 1899.] QUEENSLAND AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL. 37 
THE COLLEGE PURE-BREDS AND CROSSES, — 
! 
3 ; r Commercial Amount of 
Name of Cow. Breed. Test. Butter, Milk. 
lb. lb. 
Lena ... Ri gf AS: nA Ayrshire 3°8 28°34 651 
Laverock ... rf Se it rf] 34 27°14 718 
Rosebud sé on Ay xh rr 3°4 23.6 420 
Rheam Ruthie... me ae ty 33 21°76 589 
Linnet re Ag ne Se: ys 3°3 21°40 775 
Lavinia at es ex 6 3°5 21°89 558 
Eileen ok 433 a Ph Jersey 37 28°1 558 
Stumpy tee te a i % 4'8 39°46 837 
Jersey Belle Ht u. ty: _ 4:0 29°16 651 
Content re ot “9 a 48 22°4 597 
Baroness... sn ah a 7} 3°9 25°6 689 
Conny bee J “es st t 39 16°9 387 
Whitefoot ... af ae iss Cross 34 37°0 713 
Laurel wn tA oe eA 1) 34 88°32 744 
Jane... an 35 Ry TP _ 3°6 30°19 749 
Empress... ot: ee bes rs 3°3 25°31 685 
Rosella 0 rf ie ats 1} 3°6 25°2 645 
Russet oe ae ae 3: 3°5 23°2 592 
The average monthly yield of butter per cow was over 25 lb., the butter 
selling at 1s. per 1b., each cow thus returning on an average 25s. every four 
weeks. . 
Each animal consumed about 12 1b. of ensilage daily, conserved from Cape 
barley and oats, the cattle being, of course, allowed to pasture in the ordinary 
grass paddocks. 
The Orchard. 
FRUIT CULTURE IN QUEENSLAND. 
By ALBERT H. BENSON. 
GRAFTING. 
Conrinvuinea the subject of the propagation of fruit trees, I purpose dealing 
with the various methods of grafting in the present article, having dealt with 
budding and propagation from seed in a previous number of this Journal. 
The object of grafting is similar to that of budding—viz., to propagate any 
given variety of fruit true to kind, or to convert unsuitable or unprofitable 
varieties into suitable or profitable ones. 
Grafting differs from budding in that, in the latter operation, a single bud 
only is taken, whereas in grafting a portion of the previous season’s wood that 
is well ripened, and containing from one to four or more buds, is used. 
Budding can only be successfully carried out when the stock is in a state of 
active growth ; but grafting, other than that of bark or rind grafting, which is 
presently described, is most successfully carried out in spring, just previous to 
the commencement of active growth. 
Grafting is applicable to fruit trees of all kinds and sizes, from nursery 
stock to large trees, different methods being used for different kinds and 
different sizes of trees. 
The tools required for grafting consist of the following :— 
Ist. A strong pruning-knife, having either a straight or curved blade, 
according to the taste of the operator, some preferring one shape 
and some another, with which to prepare the stock. Saynor’s 
knives, which are known to and are generally used by all professional 
gardeners, and which can be obtained from any good firm of 
nurserymen, seedsmen, or ironmongers in the colony, are, in my 
opinion, the most suitable for this work. 
gud, A knife having a thin straight blade with which to prepare the 
acions; @ strong budding-knite answers well, tec 
