1 Jay., 1899.] QUEENSLAND AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL. 59 
7. Several pieces of clean linen or calico. 
8. Clinical thermometer. 
9. Note.—For the inoculation of large herds of ordinary station or wild 
cattle in a crush, some additional appliances are found to be 
absolutely necessary. At first a by-way tap was used, but, in con- 
sequence of the possibility of so many errors occurring through the 
operator turning the tap the wrong way, this accessory has been 
superseded by a specially designed double-action valve made in two 
separate pieces. The larger part A, with two nozzles, is fitted on 
to the front of the syringe; to the upper or long nozzle is attached 
some 10 or 12 feet of thick-walled (small aperture) rubber tubing ; 
at the other end of this tubing is fixed the inoculating needle. To 
the smaller or lower nozzle is attached about 30 inches of the same 
kind of tubing, the opposite end of which is fixed on to the smaller 
part B, which is placed in an upright position at the bottom of a 
small sodawater bottle, which is kept in the trousers-pocket of the 
operator in charge of the syringe, 
METHOD OF PREPARING CALVES FOR THE SUPPLY OF IMMUNE BLOOD. 
~ The overwhelming evidence, resulting from the most crucially conducted 
experiments, and the extensive practical experience of a large section of keen 
observant stockowners, prove beyond all doubt the efficacy of the method of 
preventive inoculation for Tick Fever as first initiated in the Mundoolun and 
Inkerman experiments of April, 1897. Although the actual method of drawing 
the blood and injecting the same into animals to be protected has not been 
improved upon, still, in addition to the various improvements in the inocu- 
lating instruments, there have also been several modifications in the method of 
rendering the blood of animals suitable for general inoculation purposes. 
The number of calves required to supply blood naturally depends in a 
great measure on the size of the herd, or, in fact, the number of animals to 
be inoculated. Experience has shown that twelve yearling heifers will pro- 
vide sufficient blood to inoculate a herd of 20,000 cattle; while it is recorded 
that 8,000, and even 10,000 cattle have all been efficiently inoculated with the 
blood from only four animals. . For general inoculating purposes, the blood 
of an animal artificially inoculated is to be preferred to that from an 
animal recovered from natural Tick Fever, the mode of operation being as 
follows :—Procure the desired number of healthy yearling calves (heifers, if 
possible), and a supply of freshly drawn defibrinated blood from a naturally 
recovered animal. The best way of operating is to throw each calf on its 
left side; the legs may be either tied or held by an assistant; the 
head is covered with a bag, which makes the animal lie quieter than 
it otherwise would do. By means of the piece of whipcord which is placed 
round the base of the animal’s neck with a running noose, the right jugular 
yein is compressed so that in a few minutes it becomes dilated or swollen by 
the blood coming from the animal’s head. A very necessary precaution will be to 
flatten the hair on the skin covering the vein with a little solution of 1 in 
20 carbolic acid; this removes any danger of introducing foreign matter 
which might produce blood-poisoning or an abscess under the skin. The calf 
is lying on the ground with its feet from the operator, who, standing behind, 
lays his left hand on the neck and gently holds the swollen vein in a steady 
position between the forefinger and thumb close up to the cord to prevent the 
vein from shifting laterally. He then takes the improved needle in his right 
hand, and steadily pierces the skin into the vein. If the vein has been pierced 
successfully, blood will spurt out. An assistant then hands the operator the 
syringe filled with 10 c.c. of the recovered tick-fever blood. The nozzle of 
the syringe is then immediately connected with the needle by means of a small 
piece of rubber tubing in such a manner that there is an uninterrupted column 
of blood from the vein to the end of the piston-rod of the syringe; for the 
