1 Jawn., 1899.] QUEENSLAND AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL, 63. 
8. On account of the tubing having a very thick wall and small aper- 
ture, it matters not how it is turned and twisted, as the progress of 
the blood will not be impeded. 
4, During the operation the bottle of blood can always be protected 
from the direct sun’s rays, and from the dust of the stockyard. 
5. The work of inoculating can be carried on more expeditiously, and 
at the same time much more effectually, than by any other means. 
THE CLINICAL (CATTLE) THERMOMETER, 
Prior to the first experiments in preventive inoculation for Tick Fever, 
the clinical thermometer and its use were practically unknown to every stock- 
owner in Queensland. However, itis interesting now to know that this want 
of knowledge is, in consequence of the information which is freely disseminated 
by the Stock Institute, fast disappearing, as evidenced by the fact that the 
demand for clinical thermometers for stockowners far exceeds the supply. ‘To 
the stockbreeder and dairy farmer, the clinical thermometer is most invaluable ; 
for by its use the registration of the body heat affords a ready means of 
marking the rise and fall of all fevers; likewise the thermometer can be 
advantageously employed to ascertain whether or not an animal reacts to the 
injection of blood taken from an animal recovered from natural ‘lick Fever, as 
in the case of calves to be rendered immune for the supply of blood for general 
inoculation purposes. 
The clinical thermometer, as approved of and made for the Queensland 
Stock Institute, consists of a cylindrical tube, hermetically sealed at both ends, 
about 6 inches long. At one end there is a bulb, the glass of which is very thin 
and filled with mercury. Running throughout the stem there is a very fine 
capillary bore, so as to allow the mercury to rise and fall. Immediately above 
the bulb the fine tube is so constructed thatat this particular point the column 
of mercury from the bulb becomes detached from the column in the stem, 
causing the latter (a so-to-speak rod of mercury) to act as a register or index. 
Were it not for this little rod, it would be impossible to gauge accurately the 
temperature of the animal under observation. Hence the reason why such a 
thermometer is callec “ self-registering.” Engraved on the glass stem are a 
number of strokes of three different lengths—viz., long, medium, and short. 
Opposite the first-named, we have the figures 90, 95, 100, 105, and 110, which 
indicate the number of degrees upon the scale of Fahrenheit. Between 
each of these numbers we find four “medium” length strokes, meaning 
degrees, although not marked in figures. Supposing that the end of the 
column of mercury stands immediately opposite the medium-length stroke 
after the figure 100, then it would imply a temperature of 101 degrees F, 
Lastly, there are the short strokes between those of medium length. 
Fach short stroke has the value of one-fifth of a degree, but it has become 
seneral to read clinical thermometers to the fraction of tenths of a degree, 
therefore the space between the short strokes is more properly spoken of as 
two-tenths of a degree. By way of illustration, let us assume that the index 
column of mercury rises in the small tube of the stem to the first short 
stroke after 105. ‘This would imply a temperature of 105-2 degrees BH. (z.e., 
105,2,) ; if to the second short stroke, 105'4 degrees F. Again, supposing the 
mercury rises up to half-way between the second and third short stroke, just 
above the long stroke 105, then we should say that the temperature was 105 
plus 5 i',—expressed in figures thus: 1055 degrees I". ; 
The majority of thermometers are so constructed that the index column, 
which is exceedingly fine, is magnified when it is observed at a given angle, in 
order to facilitate the reading. Padme: 
The way to use the clinical thermometer is by taking it in the right hand, 
grasping the stem firmly with the fingers, and giving the arm a swinging or 
centrifugal jerk from the elbow, so as to bring the mercury column or index 
down below 95 or thereabouts. Now raise the tail of the animal with the left 
hand and quietiy insert the bulb, and nearly the whole of the stem also, into the 
