268 QUEENSLAND AGRICULTURAL gouRNAL. [1 Apnrit, 1899. 
ants and prevent any other larve from harbouring in them. Before placing 
the bandages on the trees, all loose bark should be carefully scraped off, as the 
object of placing the bandage round the tree is to provide a convenient shelter 
for the larve. If there is any natural shelter on the tree, then they will hide 
and pupate there instead of going under the bandages, thus rendering the 
bandages of little value. 
The best remedy for the Fruit Fly is to destroy infested fruit, and thus 
prevent the larve from hatching out. The use of trap trees, and the destruction 
of all infested fruit on such trees, is also strongly recommended. A full 
report on the fruit-fly experiments appears in another part of this Journal. 
For the Yellow Peach Moth, Paris green applied as soon as the fruit sets 
would destroy a large number of the insects; and again it is advisable to thin 
the fruits, leaving only single specimens, as this pest is always worst in cases 
where the fruit is thickly clustered together. The Fruit Weevil: This insect 
seldom attacks the fruit unless it has been injured by some other pest, sound 
fruit being seldom attacked. 
4. Insects Boring into the Roots, Stem, or Branches.—Vhese are true 
boring insects, and are usually the larve of beetles of various kinds. Some of 
these beetles are leaf-eaters, and can be destroyed by spraying with Paris 
green; others, again, ean be destroyed by placing a cloth under the trees and 
then giving the branches a few sharp raps, when all the insects will fall to the 
ground, and can be swept off the sheet and destroyed. When the insects are 
in the larval or borer stage, if they are of large size they can often be killed 
by inserting a fine pliable wire into their burrows, or by injecting a small 
quantity of kerosene or turpentine into their burrows, and plugging up the 
outlet with a piece of soft wood or clay. In any case when borers are at all 
troublesome, the mature insects (beetles) should be destroyed whenever and 
wherever they are found. 
FUNGUS PESTS. ’ 
The principal fungus pests are caused by very lowly organised microscopic 
fungi which attack either the leaves, bark, or fruit, sometimes the whole tree. 
These diseases attack the tree at any time, but the greatest amount of damage 
is done either when the fruit is setting or when it is ripening. Most of these 
microscopic fungi are purely surface feeders, and only attack the skin ofthe 
fruit, leaves, or bark ; and for all such there is one sure remedy, provided that 
it is applied in time—namely, Bordeaux mixture. All fungus diseases are much 
easier prevented than cured ; hence where they are present it pays to spray the 
whole of the trees in an orchard, even though many of them have shown no 
previous sign of disease. Bordeaux mixture destroys the spores (seeds) of 
these injurious fungi, and the time that the spores are most easily destroyed is 
just as they are starting into growth. ‘Those fungi that attack the fruit when 
it is setting—such as the Shot-hole Fungus of the apricot, peach, and plum; 
the Pear Scab, or Windsor Pear Blight of the pear; the Apple Scab, or Tas- 
manian Black Spot of the apple; Anthracnose. or Black Spot of the grape— 
should be sprayed for: First, just when the buds are swelling in spring, and 
again when the fruit is setting, subsequent sprayings being given as required. 
‘he fungi attacking ripening fruit—such as the Bitter Kot of the apple, the 
Peach Freckle, and the Black Brand (Black Spot) of the orange—can be 
prevented by spraying the fruit just as it commences to show the first signs of 
ripening ; but this is often unnecessary where the trees have been well sprayed 
in the early spring. 
REMEDIES. 
A. 
Borpuaux Mixrure—A Tounatcroe. 
Winter Strength.—6 |b. bluestone, 4 |b. of unslacked lime, 22 gallons of 
water. 
Sumnm'r Strength.—6 lb. bluestone, 4b. of unslacked lime, 40 gallons of 
water. ; 
