1 Jung, 1899.] QUEENSLAND AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL. 421. 
The ash includes, per 100 parts— 
Pig. Cow. Sheep. Horse. 
oe oo — BHe) 2°91 8°32 11°30 
er ELS) 8:47 9°40 10:22 
In Stockhard’s “Agricultural Chemistry,” the money value (in Germany) 
of animal excrements is given as follows :— 
Cows fed during winter, 3s. 
Horses fed during winter, 5s. 
Sheep fed upon nearly 2 Ib. hay daily, 7s. 8d. 
Horses fed upon strong food during winter, 5s. 8d. 
Potash a 
Phosphoric acid 
Tn a trial made with different kinds of dung as a manure for barley, the 
following results were obtained, equal quantities of manure being used :— 
2 
Barley. Barley. 
Ib. Ib. 
Cow-dung ... peel G 7 Pig-dung ... ae DB 
Horse-dung (226 Sheep-dung vee 244 
Where the excreta of animals has been allowed to lie for weeks and months 
in the field or in the cowyard before being gathered up for use, as may be seen 
almost anywhere in our farming districts, the manurial value has almost vanished 
owing to the constant washing by rains and drying by the sun. 
Coerte found that loads of dung kept i sual-we ul way were 
Koerte found that 100 loads of dung kept in the usual-wasteful way 
reduced at the end of :— 
Loads. Loads. 
81 days to 73:3 sustaining a loss of 26°7 
ASB tee) BN ay tte st ge BED 
BEY 5 HOG ney hay BYR 
499 ,, A72, ¥ » BPH 
Thus in 16 months more than one-half—and that the most valuable 
portion—of the manure had disappeared, leaving a highly carbonaceous matter, 
poor in all the elements of fertility. 
The older farmyard manure is, the more soluble it will be, and consequently 
more liable to deterioration by exposure to rain. Perfectly fresh manure does 
not lose much by the action of rain upon it, especially if it be stored in large 
quantities. It generally contains about 70 per cent. of water and 80 per cent. 
of dry organic and earthy substances. Only a very small proportion of the dry 
matters consist of substances soluble in water. In a short time, however, the 
orgame matters—straw, &c.—begin to ferment, one result of which process 
is the production of soluble compounds. Fresh manure produces but little 
effect when applied to crops; but when it is far advanced in decomposition 
(i.e., well-rotted), it then contains so much soluble matter absorbable by plants 
that it acts as a powerful fertiliser Gf used in sufficient quantity). In fresh 
manure, the most important constituent of its soluble portion is potash; of 
phosphoric acid and ammonia it contains but very small proportions. Rotten . 
manure, on the contrary, yields to the solvent action of water large amounts of 
nitrogen and phosphoric acid. 
The following table, showing the comparative value of animal manures, with 
farmyard manure as a standard, is given by Mr. C. B. Orgill in the Journal of 
the Jamaica Agricultural Society :— 
100 lb. Farm-yard Manure is equal to— 
125 Ib. solid excrements of the cow. 3 lb. dry flesh. 
ow » Horse? ' 5 ,, pigeon’s-dune. 
Dee li Tides ny eeCOW? 15 ,, liquid blood. 
NG gg ie pesborse: 4 ,, dry blood. 
98 ,, mixed ,, PeCOWE 3 ,, feathers. 
54g as rm pemenorcse: 3 ,, cow-hair. 
BO pe Fy; seep: 3 ,, horn shavings. 
Gana; i » pig. 3 »° dry woollen rags, 
— 
= 
2 
== 
Satara 
———— 
== 
ee 
= 
332s 
fa 
= 
