432, QUEENSLAND AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL. [1 Junr, 1899. 
and run well on to the belly and up behind. The teats should sit well apart, 
hang perpendicularly ; be of a good length, a little pointed, have a nice thin 
skin, and haye a fine silky feeling when you catch them. You should feel the 
milk veins stand out large and prominent along the belly in front of the udder, 
and there should be a good fair hole that will hold the point of your finger 
where the milk veins go through the rim of the belly. When the cow is milked 
the udder should go well away, and hang like a nice, loose skin, and not be 
bulky. Those are the chief points of a good cow, and having got those points 
they must be put together in a free and easy natural sort of way, so that the 
animal may have a nice jaunty gait with her. Do not have a stiffness at any 
point as if a joiner had put her together. All these points are not necessary 
for a heavy milking cow. You can have a great milker almost any shape. ‘The 
eater the number of those points, combined with a good milker, the greater 
will be the value of the animal. Breed cows of that description, and you will 
find a good market for them anywhere and at any time. Having got the ideal 
cow, the next point is to get a good bull to mate with her, to produce something 
equal to and better than either if possible. The selection of a good bull is of 
the greatest importance, and it is with that that the breeder should take the 
greatest trouble. The points of a good bull are the same as those described for 
a good cow, only you want him stronger in all his points, and having a good 
masculine appearance. By that I do not mean ugliness; a good many people 
seem to think that strength and masculine appearance mean ugliness. In all 
breeds, in wild animals, and in the human being, it is natural for the male to be 
stronger, and not so finely and evenly shaped and filled out in all his points as 
the female. If you work with a very fine, evenly-shaped, feminine-looking bull 
you are striving against Nature, and that is a risky game to play at. In the 
selection of a bull there are two points I would consider necessary—(1) He 
should be of good quality, strong, and hardy, and have a good constitution ; 
(2) his dam should be a good healthy cow, giving a good quantity of rich milk, 
having a good big teat, and be easily milked. Make sure of those two points, 
then get as many of the other points already described as possible-—Adam L. 
Montgomerie, in the Scottish Harmer. 
THE TUBERCULIN TEST. 
Experments have been made by order of the Cheshire County Council with 
tuberculin on two herds, and their report has been published. It appears that 
54 animals were tested in one instance, of which 14 re-acted, and 83 were 
doubtful. In the second lot 8 out of 17 were tuberculous, and 1 doubtful. Of 
those which re-acted 9 were slaughtered, and tuberculous lesions were found 
in all, the glands, liver, and lungs being chiefly affected. The carcasses were, 
however, certified by the veterinary surgeons to be sound and fit for human 
food. The value of these animals on the farm was stated at £149 18s. 6d. 
After slaughter they were sold at £97 7s., or ata loss of £52 11s. 6d. The 
eouncil are satisfied that the disease is not hereditary. 
THE PRINCIPLES OF SHEEP-BREEDING. 
No. 1. 
By HERMANN SCHMIDT. 
Very few of our stock-breeders have the time or the opportunities of making 
themselves familiar with the scientific principles of breeding domestic animals. — 
For this reason, the writer has undertaken to place before the reader such 
information regarding this subject as will give him a good insight into it. It 
