— 752 — 
3. A communicating ramus from the ophthalmic division of the 
trigeminus joins the neryi ciliares breves not far from the ganglion. 
About three-fourths of the fibers of this ramus accompany the short 
ciliary nerves to the eyeball (nervi ciliares longi). The remaining fibers 
turn caudal and enter the distal end of the ganglion, thus forming a 
radix longa. 
4. A sympathetic root is not present. 
5. The cells of the ciliary ganglion are unipolar. Their unbranched 
processes (neurites) pass distally to form the short ciliary nerves. The 
cell bodies are inclosed in capsules with amphicyte or satellite nuclei. 
6. Large, well medullated fibers from the oculomotorius enter the 
proximal portion of the ganglion, and terminate on about three-fourths 
of the cells in calyx, brush, or arborescent endings. Whether these fibers 
ever terminate in true end nets is doubtful. The portion of the ganglion 
supplied by the oculomotor nerve is characterized by the presence of 
coarse, heavily medullated neurites and the peculiar endings just men- 
tioned. It may be designated the oculomotor region. The short ciliary 
neurites emerging from this region are of small caliber, but have com- 
paratively large medullary sheaths. 
7. Fine, weakly medullated fibers forming the radix longa from 
the ophthalmicus enter the distal portion of the ganglion, and terminate 
on cells here in the form of delicate end nets. This may be called the 
trigeminal region. Heavily medullated fibers and the endings peculiar 
to the oculomotor region are absent. The short ciliary neurites emerging 
distally are less well medullated than those from the oculomotor region, 
and often form a special bundle running as a small nervus ciliaris brevis 
to the eyeball. 
8. The failure of nicotin and removal of blood to paralyze the ciliary 
ganglion of birds is probably due to the calyx endings which intimately 
bind together the oculomotor and ciliary neurones. 
9. The trigeminal fiber system (radix longa and short ciliary neurones) 
passing through the ganglion appears to be motor in function, and to 
control the dilator muscle of the iris. The morphological and experi- 
mental evidence at command points to the cerebro-spinal (trigeminal) 
nature of the fibers of the radix longa, rather than to their sympathetic 
nature. 
10. The ciliary ganglion of birds is not cerebro-spinal, nor, strictly 
speaking, sympathetic. It appears to be a purely motor ganglion, with 
peculiar histological characters, belonging to the mid-brain and bulbar 
subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system. 
