THE COLE COLLECTION OF BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 173 
was still there. In fact the disappearance of this species from 
many of its southern localities has been most marked and 
unaccountable. 
Pararge Egeria is apparently another of our lost Epping 
Forest species. The specimens in the collection were taken in 
Epping Forest in the years 1874 and 1890. Personally, I was. 
rather surprised to see so recent a date for the insect as 1890, 
as I believe the last I saw in the Forest was in 1868, but in my 
early collecting days I was only an occasional visitor there, so 
that my records would naturally be imperfect. 
Some few years ago, the late Professor Meldola wrote an article 
in the Entomologist, on the disappearance of the Satyride from 
the London district, which I certainly agreed with in every 
detail; yet within the last few years one species at least has. 
returned in full vigour, that species being Pararge megera. For 
many years I never saw a specimen within 12 miles of London ; 
now for the last three years I have seen them at Loughton. 
This insect has not only returned to our Forest, but after a long 
period of scarceness has once again become one of our common 
southern insects. It is not entirely the growth of population 
which exterminates the insect fauna of a district, and we have 
to look for some more subtle influence in either climatic conditions. 
or parasites. There is a nice specimen of Epinephele janirva 
with bleached wings. This form of variation is generally attri- 
buted to some injury or unfavourable condition during the 
pupa stage. Another of the Satyrid‘e which apparently has gone 
from Epping Forest is Tithonus. There are specimens of this 
species 1n the collection from Epping Forest, and also others from 
St. Osyth, which have additional spots on the fore wings. This 
spotted form occurs in some abundance in South Devon, but it 
is unusual in the Home Counties. 
Limemtis Sibylla is another interesting Essex species. 
Although the series in the collection is mostly composed of New 
Forest specimens, there is a single example from St. Osyth, taken 
in 1912. Apparently St. Osyth has been the home of this. 
insect for many years past. At.the present day it is to be found 
in some abundance in the woods to the south-west of Ipswich, 
and in my early days I was frequently told, by old collectors at 
Ipswich, that Szbylla had been imported into these woods from 
St. Osyth by a man named Seaman, of Ipswich, probably as 
far back as 1845. It very soon established a strong hold in 
its adopted country, which hold has been retained until now. 
My last captures in these woods were in IgIQ. 
In the series of Vanessa cardu there is a very fine variety 
with all the usual markings entirely altered. The specimen is 
almost identical with an illustration of a variety in Edward New- 
man’s British Butterflies. This was in the collection of Mr. 
Ingall. Ihe two are so alike that they might be the same 
