THE VANGE MINERAL WELLS. 221 
to its charm, only those could realize it who had had the privilege 
of being shown the gardens by Mrs. Berkeley, with their untold 
treasures of rare plants, growing and thriving as nowhere else 
and as naturally as in their native homes. There, walking 
round with her, looking from the garden across the lakes to 
Breden, and to the sun setting behind the Malvern Hills, was a 
pleasure the impression of which could never be effaced. 
A fit memento to one whose life was spent for others and 
whose greatest pleasure was her garden, are the beautiful lines 
of Jamman Shud now on the alcove overlooking the Fountain 
garden scene :— 
_““The Moon of Heaven is rising once again : 
How oft hereafter rising shall she look 
Through this same garden after me—in vain.” 
ELLEN WILLMOTT. 
THE VANGE MINERAL WELLS, 
By WILLIAM WHITAKER, B.A., F.R.S., F.G.S. 
HE “ Vange Mineral Wells” are nearly a mile W.S.W. from 
Vange Church, and about 1? mile N.N.W. of Fobbing 
Church. The site formed part of the Vange Hall Estate, so 
naturally they got named after Vange, though really in the parish 
of Fobbing. They are close to the parish boundary, on the 
eastern side of Martinhole Wood, which is in Vange. 
The site of the various wells that have been made here is in 
a tract of London Clay, a formation which reaches its greatest 
thickness in Central Essex. 
The Geological Survey Map 1, S.E., on which this part of 
Essex is represented, was published in December, 1868, and 
therefore must have been surveyed in 1866 or earlier ; so that we 
are dealing with a map, part of which is. probably almost 60 
years old, and therefore open to corrections and additions. It 
will be seen from this map, that on the dominant ridge of London 
Clay, which stretches eastward from Laindon Hill towards 
Pitsea, four very small outliers of Bagshot Sand have been 
mapped, Langdon Hill itself being a larger and prominent one, 
